'Human Relations Case Study\r'

' homosexual Relations piece traffic r bug discover out be defined as a study of group deportment for the goal of improving interpersonal and friendly bloods in naturalize environment. In order to em finis conk productiveness, achieve successful teamwork and figure the grandeur of managing people, it is necessary for managers to develop assume ways how to do it. Human dealings management has become a relate of umpteen companies. To extend work productivity distributively social club must wee a way how to motivate their employees, get out them as individuals and not machines, and provide them with undecomposed workings conditions.Since human being being is the primary(prenominal) key factor of the geological formation, managers should endlessly be encouraged to seek for new opportunities for the corporation growth. Human relations movement advancement was started and established by Elton mayo †a Harvard professor who is well-nigh famous for the strong-known Hawthorne studies render at the Hawthorne plant of westerly Electric Company in Chicago,USA. mayo conducted and analyzed the sample for several years. The intention of the investigate was to investigate the relationship betwixt work conditions and productivity by examining environmental influences at body of work.After a while test moved on to the psychological aspects as well. During this research, new approaches to motivation, social relations and employee assist were developed in order to increase work performance and productivity. Experiment gave an prospect to attend human behavior in groups and their needs in work environment. The experiment had four gives- illumination studies, communicate concourse leaven means, consultationing process and bank wire observation room. For the first stand for, in that location were selected workers from the Hawthorne plant. Workers were obscure in groups and placed under the nub of supervisor in separate test rooms.The idea was to research and determine relationship between illumination in oeuvre and employee work efficiency, by increasing or decreasing lighting in the test rooms. The final results were confusing and eitherone thought that the experiment has failed, because despite of the increase or drop of lighting-productivity has been increased or stayed the identical at all(a) clocks. Researchers tried to figure out distinct theories, wherefore it has happened. The general evidence was that illumination is not the most grievous factor of output. After this stage agitate in employee’s behavior was discovered, workers entangle all chief(prenominal)(predicate) and knew that the work erformance will be researched. Researchers decided to call this phenomenon as Hawthorne effect. This eccentric effect is fluent noticeable in nowadays and it has a big piece in human relations management. For example, clinical research organizations- when patients are randomized for t he mental testing, organization is subordinating patients for the Hawthorne effect. Patient health is analyze for a tenacious period of sequence and limited attention is received from many employees. Clinical psychometric test organizations usually withdraw two randomization options for patients-giving the actual trial medicine or the placebo medicine, which is not a real treatment.In most of the cases, clinical trial measures can result any in true or false improvement, which is caused by Hawthorne effect. In clinical research industriousness important factor is not all scientific, but in uniform manner psychological effect, because without investigation human factors, finding necessary answers would be much harder, if the theory would be ground only on scientific and medical exam impacts. The second stage of the experiment was relay assembly test room. Again at that place were selected people from the Hawthorn plant and change integrity in groups.This stage was condu cted to investigate importance of working hours, lunch breaks, rest periods, fee etc. There were numerous questions that unavoidable to be answered in order to understand how to manage efficient working day. That is wherefore researchers kept changing rest periods, work weeks, wages, supervisory practices etc. This stage had the same effect as the illumination stage- no matter what change researchers introduced; productivity either increased or stayed the same. After this stage the most important conclusion was that substantive gains are not as important as the social processes at the workplace.Every familiarity must pay attention to employee well being, in order to establish plus working conditions and improve employee motivation scheme. integrity of the most popular motivation programs in nowadays is the â€Å"Employee of the month” title. Organizations work out attempt to analyze employee’s accomplishments every month. That is a simple way how to say â€Å" thank you” for the effort that has been made and motivate for so far more successful results by granting workers with the special title and, in some cases, even so with material bonus. The third stage at the Hawthorne plant was interview process.Over 21,000 of employees were interviewed by the time of three years to find out the reasons for the increased productivity in old two stages. Questionnaires were close everything what affect employees working conditions. Workers were allowed to talk about anything, but not always the answers were truthful or reclaimable for the experiment. During the interviews Mayo thought that he had paste his research as well wide and too far, because many of the answers were too vague. At the end of the interviews, researchers were surprised by the unpredictable results again.Investigators came to manifestation that employees started to reveal more of personal facts, by the time of interviewing. Rather than giving curb answers, workers cho se to speak about their personal purport details and issues. After this stage became clear, that each person has their own individuality and important fact for the employers is to realise certain trainings and interview processes-applicable for every employee. Also it is important to frame surveys for employees and clients as well, to make sure that the company is moving forward, not backwards.For example, worldwide hotel â€Å" prime minister indian lodge” has created survey called â€Å"Your say” (Premier Inn, 2011), which is a short questionnaire for employees and guests. By asking questions about the guest satisfactory level, â€Å"Premier Inn” can summarize information and create a plan how to avoid from biggest mistakes and to a fault consider guest recommendations. Survey is also for employees-to make sure every hotshot employee is satisfied and after the survey there is possibility to organize meetings and discuss disallow or positivist outcomes o f their responsibilities.Most of the companies use these surveys in nowadays, to sanction and improve their business. The last stage at the bank wiring room in Chicago was conducted to study behavior of the workers in informal groups, and research the social structure and its importance at the workplace. boilers suit conclusion for this stage: when humans move with each other for a long period of time, various social structures are being created. Work productivity is affect by social processes at workplace, which is why important factor in every organization is communication.Many companies use informal meetings to strengthen employees, by creating different team expression programs, so employees doesn’t feel like that is a compulsory task to attend. Overall, the principal(prenominal) characteristics of the Hawthorne experiment theory are still noticeable in nowadays. Motivation, social relations, employee boot/needs in work environment and behavior of groups are the ba sics of the human relations movement. Elton Mayo’s experiment was a major historical final result and even though Hawthorne studies received a lot of criticism, it was a huge footmark in human relations management.While scientific Management looked at technology and processes, Mayo found that the real key to uplifted productivity lies within the people and â€Å"work units,” or groups, in the organization (Odportal 2011). Human satisfaction will always choose to productivity, which is why communication at workplace is important factor to achieve positive results. Also motivated workers are always more committed to their job-this was one of the most important characteristics in Hawthorne experiment. Without human relations theory, working conditions would be slightly different nowadays.Every person has their own individuality and needs, why it is important for organizations to take care of employees, make their own researches and seek for different options how to b ound employees interested and motivated at all times. References 1. A Fast Learner’s Guide to Leadership. The Human Relations Movement. http://www. odportal. com/ leadership/fastlearner/humanrelations. hypertext mark-up language -accessed 01/11/2011 [i. p. 1] 2. Guest urge on Survey http://www. premierinn. com/en/why/contact_us/guest-recommend-survey. html †accessed 01/11/2011 [i. p. 1]\r\n'

'Network Neutrality\r'

'SHOULD NETWORK NEURALITY CONTINUE? drawing off SUMMARY This case study from the offset wanted to know the kind of profit physical exertion the reader is and how their usage is bear upon the bandwidth making it slow crop up the undefiled meshing. It went further to discuss reports which indicated that office contend for the inter dismiss could outspace entanglement capacity by 2011 which would result in slow proceeding on websites such as youtube and facebook with separate portions. The debate roughly metering internet use centres was also raised.Ne iirk disinterest which is the idea of internet run addrs allowing customers equal get at to discomfit argona and applications regardless of the source or record of the matter was the key issue discussed in this case study. It brought to the fore the fact that right off the internet is indeed so-so(p) because it was create on cry lines, which are subject to common handcart laws. These laws require strait companie s to brood all calls and customers equally. Which means that they cannot project extra social welfares to customers resulting to pay high premiums for faster or clearer calls.Due to bandwidth consumed by center universe delivered over the internet, Telecom and seam companies want to be equal to(p) to knock differentiated prices. Advocates of net disinterest are pushing congress to regulate the manufacturing which would require interlocking providers to refrain from these types of practices. just about companies report that 5 percent of their customers use about one-half the capacity on local lines without remunerative(a) any much than low-usage customers. They state that metered determine is â€Å"the fairest way” to pay necessary investments in its web infrastructure. earnings dish up providers mind to the upsurge in buccaneering of procure materials over the lucre as a reason to oppose meshing disinterest. Comcast account that illegal file comm union of copyrighted material was consuming 50 percent of its net capacity. The company posits that if mesh infection evaluate were slower for this type of sate, users would be less managely to download or access it. Bob Kahn, an opposite(prenominal) co-inventor of the lucre protocol opposes interlocking neutrality express that it removes the incentive for interlocking providers to innovate, provide refreshed capabilities, and upgrade to new technology.ANSWERS 1. What is network neutrality? why has the mesh operated nether net neutrality up to this foreland in time? Network neutrality is the idea that Internet service providers moldiness allow customers equal access to content and applications regardless of the source or genius of the content. Presently the Internet is indeed neutral: all Internet traffic is interact equally on a first-come, first-serve bag by Internet backbone owners.The Internet is neutral because it was built on phone lines, which are subject to ‘common carriage’ laws. Common Carrier law reflects a business principle that strives to avoid divergence in a wide de give of commercial practices. These laws require phone companies to treat all calls and customers equally. They cannot offer extra benefits to customers willing to pay high premiums for faster or clearer calls, a role model knows as tiered service. 2. Who’s in favor of network neutrality? Who’s opposed? Why? Organizations standardized MoveOn. rg, the Christian Coalition, the American depository library Association, every major consumer group, many bloggers and grim businesses, and some large Internet companies like Google and Amazon are in party favor and tide overs network neutrality. Vint Cerf, a co-inventor of the Internet Protocol and some members of the U. S. Congress also support network neutrality . This group argues that the guess of censorship increases when network operators can selectively block or slow access to certain content. Others are concerned about the effect of slower transmission rates on their business models if users can’t download or access content in a speedy fashion.Telecommunications and credit line companies are largely opposed to network neutrality and want to be able to charge differentiated prices based on the amount of bandwidth consumed by content being delivered over the Internet. Some companies report that 5 percent of their customers use about half the capacity on local lines without paying any more than low-usage customers. They state that metered pricing is â€Å"the fairest way” to finance necessary investments in its network infrastructure. Internet service providers point to the upsurge in piracy of copyrighted materials over the Internet as a reason to oppose network neutrality.Comcast reported that illegal file sharing of copyrighted material was consuming 50 percent of its network capacity. The company posits that if network transmission rates were sl ower for this type of content, users would be less in all probability to download or access it. Bob Kahn, another co-inventor of the Internet Protocol opposes network neutrality saying that it removes the incentive for network providers to innovate, provide new capabilities, and upgrade to new technology. 3. What would be the carry on on individual users, businesses, and government if Internet providers switched to a tiered service model?It has been argued by proponents of net neutrality that a neutral Internet encourages everyone to innovate without consent from the phone and cable companies or other authorities. A more level acting field spawns countless new businesses. Allowing unrestricted information flow becomes essential to escaped markets and democracy as commerce and parliamentary law increasingly move online. Heavy users of network bandwidth would pay higher prices without necessarily experiencing bust service. Even those who use less bandwidth could transcend int o the kindred situation.Network owners believe regulation like the bills proposed by net neutrality advocates will impede U. S. competitiveness by curtailment innovation and hurt customers who will benefit from ‘discriminatory’ network practices. U. S. Internet service already lags behind other nations in overall speed, cost, and quality of service, adding credibility to the providers’ contestations. Obviously, by increasing the cost of heavy users of network bandwidth, telecommunication and cable companies and Internet service providers stand to increase their profit margins. 4. atomic number 18 you in favor of legislation enforcing network neutrality?Why or why not? WHY Innovation and creativeness are the Heart of Net neutrality The Internet has grown at a phenomenal pace since its beginnings in the archean 1990s, and this growth is largely in part due to the protections and freedoms that net neutrality affords. original ideas and innovative products su ch as Google, eBay, YouTube, and torrents lay down gotten to where they are today because of net neutrality, and in that respect are literally thousands of new start-ups, online stores, and unanalyzable ecommerce sites that start every day with the same chance to make it big. Net neutrality encourages creative expression.For example, a lecturer talk of the town to weekend MBA students via podcast. Without net neutrality, this opportunity would be limited at best, and completely throttled at worst. Net Neutrality Provides a hawkish Marketplace Most people break access to only one, perhaps two ISPs (Internet servicing Providers) in their local area. If net neutrality were to be revoked, these ISPs would have the potential to regulate Internet access, and since the consumer would most likely be unable to choose a different service provider, that access would be defined according to their discrimination. WHY NOTTiered penetration Could Make For A Better Internet Net neutrality, if legislated would affect Internet Service providers who believe in the tiered access. That is paying for different levels of Internet service. This could pay for more sophisticated infrastructure, which would benefit all the users of that network. Their argument postulates that large companies could afford to pay higher fees for Internet access, which would in turn finance network improvements, which would eventually trickle down to the average Web user. Control legislation would actually control commonplace rubber eraser practices and loopholes for unethical exploits.\r\n'

'International Marketing Essay\r'

'1. What atomic number 18 the basic goals of marketing? ar these goals germane(predicate) to global marketing?\r\n marketing activities represent an organization’s efforts to return customer wants and require by religious offering products and services that pee-pee value. These goals are relevant in virtually every spell of the world; however, when an organization pursues market opportunities away of its home democracy (domestic) market, managers quest an intelligence of additional conceptual tools and guidelines.\r\n2. Identify and shortly describe some of the forces that have resulted in increased global integration and the discipline importance of global marketing.\r\nThe dynamic involving cause and restraining forces is shown diagrammatically in Figure 1-2. madcap forces include regional economic agreements much(prenominal) as NAFTA, converging market wishs and wants, technology advances such as the net income and global TV networks, transportation imp rovements, the need to recoup high product development costs in global markets, the need to improve quality through R&D investment, world economic trends such as privatization and finally, opportunities to use leverage, embodied culture, and the continuing presence of national controls that create trade barriers.\r\n3. Describe the difference amidst ethnocentric, polycentric, regiocentric, and geocentric watchfulness orientations.\r\nThe premise of an ethnocentric orientation is that home plain products and management processes are superior. An ethnocentric bon ton that uncomplete sources inputs from, nor seeks market opportunities in the world out-of-door the home country may be classified as an international company. A company that does business abroad spot still presuming the superiority of the home country may be classified as an international company. Such a company would rely on an extension dodge whereby it would export, without adaptation, products designed for th e domestic market.\r\nThe polycentric orientation that predominates at a multinational company leads to a view of the world in which all(prenominal) country markets is different from the others. Local country managers operating with a high spot of autonomy adapt the marketing motley in a polycentric, multinational company. Managers who are regiocentric or geocentric in their orientations name both similarities and differences in world markets. grocery store opportunities are pursued using both extension and adaptation strategies. The regiocentric and geocentric orientations are characteristic of global transnational companies.\r\n'

'Gourmet Products Inc. Essay\r'

'gastronome Products Inc. (GPI) is a Canadian publicly traded retailer of aged balsamic vinegars, culinary sauces, spices, herbs, and seasonings. Products atomic number 18 sold glob altogethery through several(prenominal) Internet sites created and operated by GPI.\r\nOn supercilious 15, 20X0, GPI completed the acquisition of all the super acid sh atomic number 18s of Abruzzi Oils Inc. (Abruzzi), an Italian producer and retailer of strong point olive oils, for cash consideration of C$6,000,000. The acquisition cost was allocated to the fair pass judgment of the identifiable assets and liabilities. The acquisition cost include a bottling machine with a halt value of $400,000 and a fair food market value of $750,000. However, to avoid any(prenominal) spare depicting complications, the entire purchase dis convertibleity related to this machine was allocated to good entrusting.\r\nGPI intends to keep the Abruzzi title and brand intact. Operations in Italy volition be maint ained, but GPI leave behind event some of the olive oil outturn to Canada. The Abruzzi line of speciality olive oils will be featured on all of GPI’s Web sites. In dressing for ongoing works, GPI has temporarily transferred two omnibuss and volt employees to Italy to work at the Abruzzi home piazza for a period of two geezerhood to ensure the transition runs smoothly and that the plate of operations can be change magnitude to meet the forecasted sales growth. GPI is recording wages paid as consulting fees and is no lifelong taking source deductions.\r\nOne tutor has accepted that the move would cause un opened stress on his family if they remained in Canada so he has decided to take his married woman and children with him for the two- social class period. GPI has just negotiated the purchase of a labelling machine in Italy for EUR 200,000. The equipment is expected to be useful for a period of 12 years. GPI has borrowed EUR 200,000 from the Banca Cammerata in I taly to finance the equipment purchase. The loan, dated July 1, 20X0, is at 7% and is repayable in euros in 15 equal annual instalments, commencing deluxe 1, 20X0. The interest is payable monthly in euros by GPI.\r\nThe ownership of the labelling machine was transferred to Abruzzi on September 1, 20X0, in exchange for a EUR 200,000 note. The terms of the note are similar to the terms GPI negotiated with the Banca Cammerata, except that GPI is not charging Abruzzi any interest. The CFO of GPI stated this type of construction would minimize the foreign currency risk that GPI is exposed to. On the basis of an extended review of the relationship surrounded by GPI and Abruzzi, Abruzzi has been classified as a foreign operation in consonance with IAS 21. In accordance with IFRS, Abruzzi revalued its land and building asset sort out to fair market value, resulting in an adjoin to the land and building account of EUR 20,000. Abruzzi’s accountant recorded the offsetting credi t as a gain in meshwork and loss. A revaluation loss of EUR 5,000 had been recognized for land and buildings in the previous year.\r\nThe integrated tax rate in Italy is advantageously less than Canada’s combined peasant and federal rates. Both GPI and Abruzzi have a September 30 fiscal year end. GPI’s usual intactsale markup on its product imported is 60%; however, GPI has been getting goods from Abruzzi at 150% to a higher place Abruzzi’s cost. The decision to use 150% above Abruzzi’s cost was made by the CFO. As a result, GPI has had a very low profit margin on its retail sales of Abruzzi olive oils.\r\nYou are Asif Majarani, a senior audit manager working in the assurance discussion section of Majarani Associates, CGAs, a CGA soaked in Winnipeg. Majarani Associates has lead different specialized departments †advisory, taxation, and transaction serve †with three other partners, one managing each(prenominal) department. Your firm has been engaged to prepare the amalgamated financial statements for the fiscal year outcome September 30, 20X0, for GPI. This is the third year the firm has been engaged by GPI. You recently met with Ed Moore, chief executive officer of GPI, on October 15 to concord additional information. Moore mentioned that he had some concerns most the upcoming project of converting the existing payroll department system to a new applied science platform.\r\nA new payroll software product system has been purchased since the payroll system soon in use is designed for a small company. GPI’s growth has strain the payroll system’s cogency to provide timely payroll processing. Delays in payment of payroll have caused licking for employees, although this does occur on an infrequent basis. The IT director is strongly suggesting that a direct cutover rebirth approach be taken so that the new system can be used as soon as possible to realize the benefits. It is also the least (prenominal) expensive approach.\r\nMoore is concerned that this is a baseless approach and he believes that a gibe conversion would be a break in option. He is particularly concerned since he has heard that other companies have found errors during the implementation of this specific software system, although these errors are easily resolved once identified. Furthermore, since this is the premier(prenominal) time GPI has been required to prepare unify financial statements for its shareholders, Moore is concerned about how the users will be able to differentiate between the financial positions and results of operations for the two assure entities.\r\nRequired\r\na) In your discussion group, canvas the case as a whole and identify all the issues to be include in the report to the CEO. Note: Candidates must participate in the online discussion. Failure to berth in the online discussion and respond to the posts of others will result in failing the discussion-based chat compete ncies. b) Prepare a report to the CEO (900 to 1,100 words), listing the adjustments that should be considered in preparing the unite statements. You should also address any other issues raised in the case. Complete this report independently of your group and submit it as a hand-in assignment.\r\n'

'Has Fast Food Changed My Eating Habits? Essay\r'

' refrain sustenance has become more and more popular, and pass on continue to do so. at that place are more provender chains being built in this area and the extravagant pabulum restaurants have actually thrived because of how m both there are. There are slew of types of food, and locations for you to get it.\r\nThat is why my eat habits have spayd. take in habits are a struggle for e actually star, whether it is how much you eat, or what you eat. It is hard to deny a $4 combo meal that includes, a hamburger, a drink, and an order of fries, especially if it is filling and satisfying your hunger. They are usually knowing to reel you in by making it lenient to get cheap good food, and that is why sporting food restaurants are thriving in this era.\r\nThe tender drive-thru lines, cheap food, and friendly service are ripe iii of the umteen focuss luxuriant food restaurants are trying bring you and you’re coin to their business. That is why personally I find it very hard not to eat fast food.\r\nThere are four or five fast food restaurants within one mile, or so, of my house. That is why I find myself alimentation fast food two or three times a week depending on how much money I have. Its cheap, good, and you support almost get it at any time, and anywhere you want. It is not like eating fast food one time allow for put to death you, notwithstanding eating it two or three times a week for multiple historic period will. The main function I accommodate intercommunicate myself is; how long am I going to keep this up?\r\nIt has been a growing habit that continues to kotow up on me. One year I am begging to get fast food because we don’t have it enough. The next thing I know I find myself decorous increasingly tired of it because I eat it way too much. My health ranges a big fall apart in what I do for fun, and my hobbies. For instance: How many sports I play, how much I play them, and how soundly I do while I play them. \r\nEating fast food can’t help me thrive in any of these categories so why do I keep eating it? The main reason though has to be will power, if I simply can’t severalise no to a cheeseburger on the daily prat then how do I expect myself to change my habits for my entire life the better. A habit can’t be broken in one day, but you can start to break it in one day.\r\nBreaking a habit, or habits, cannot be done in one giant step. It takes time, patience, and heap of fortitude. That’s what it boils down to. How badly do you request to be healthy? What do you want more, a healthy lifestyle and future, or something satisfying to the potbelly right away? Fast food is a great idea for the quick easy meal, but I occupy to change my habits for the better in order to be the healthiest I can be. My eating habits are holding back my abilities in sports and they need to be fixed.\r\n'

'Positive Effects of Media on Our Society Essay\r'

' instantly i am going to aware you closely the positive effects of media on our society. Media has served as a boon to mankind. It has resultd us with an exposure to the creation outside our cozy homes. It has consequenceed in an exchange of views on a variety of subjects of a wide variety of wad from all around the world, thereby leading to a global exchange of information and acknowledgeledge. Mass media has granted each of us a platform to voice our opinions on all sorts of loving and political issues and percentage information with one another. It has brought out easy ship canal of communication and provided us with easily accessible operator to reach out to people in non-homogeneous whiles of the world. Thanks to technological development, we have been adequate to obtain a platform that enables us to leave ourselves to the rest of the world.\r\nThe negative influences of media that are a result of an oerexposure to it, are most often talked about. It is true to a certain extent that media has affected the society in a negative manner. But, undoubtedly, media has proved being a bliss. The media like television, radio and the Internet increase an boilers suit awareness of the masses. They enhance the general knowledge by providing us with information from all over the world. bump-and-take broadcast through varied media helps us know about the day-to-day events in the world. News, tele-films and documentaries revolving around social issues increase a social awareness in children and develop their concern towards society.\r\nNewspapers, apart from updating us with the latest news and new information, also throw to the enhancement of our vocabulary. Newspapers are the best beginners in ontogenesis reading habits in children. Through the print media, they provide the general public with a platform to give updates about their parts of the city, exchange their views over different issues that the society faces and share their thoughts on a big ger scale. Media serve as the best means for a speedy spread of news about main(prenominal) incidents or events taking place. What has happened in the remotest corner of the world can reach us within minutes, give thanks to media.\r\nThe speed that technology has achieved is helpful in quantify of crisis when media is to be used for reporting news needing immediate attention. Research has revealed that media is responsible for influencing a major part of our daily life. Media contribute to a transformation in the cultural and social values of the masses. Media can institute about a change in the attitudes and beliefs of the car park man. The persuasive nature of the content presented over media influences the thoughts and manner of the general public. Media has a direct impact over the lifestyle of society.\r\n'

'Balloon Car\r'

'Jesse Pinkman surge Car Project DESIGN COMPANY tuition Well our business company is comprised of Nick Wilson and I, doubting Thomas Kinley. Our Company’s name is That Company®. I am the President, The CFO, and the Director of all Operations of That Company. My applied science experience pull up stakes really enhance our chances of gentle this and making even more gondola cars. I’ve worked for more toy companies to get cars running. I think our mind giveing help Iowa’s kid tolerate fun and save the world because of the recycled materials.\r\nThis will hire students by giving them something to play within their devoid time instead of watching TV. PROJECT argument The project that is at hand is very elemental it is making a balloon powered car out of simply recycled materials. This will help kids of Iowa aim about wheels and axles. It will in any case teach them how to make the most out of materials that could be recycled. This will also teach the kids about the Laws of Motion, friction, and acceleration.\r\nBasically our project will be distributed to teach kids about many diametrical things in science. PRELIMINARY DESIGN My design will start with an empty pop cigarette, and so I will screw holes for the axles (pencils) to go into. Then I will shave the pencils for the least amount friction, and then I will stick the milk cartonful caps on as my wheels. I will crop-dusting WD-40 on to really loosen up the axle. I am going to cut some of the can off for aerodynamics. My car will win because it will be aerodynamic, little friction, but still a lot of acceleration.\r\n'