Bethany Hills, Omemee Esker and Fleetwood Creek :: essays research papers

Stop 2 Glacial Lake PeterboroughGlacial Lake Peterborough had many attributing spillways attached to it, feeding meltwater and sediment from the sparkler margin and or other glacial lakes. Much of the sediment that was deposited in Glacial Lake Peterborough came from either from the stagnant ice blocks located on the Oak Ridges moraine or from the Lake Algonquin drainage system. Much of the deposition in this lake was dominated by sediment stratification, which may have been largely influenced by thermal stratification. As a result of thermal stratification occurring in this glacial lake sediment inputs were greatly influenced depending on the different sediment densities between the lake bottom water to that of the incoming meltwater and if the inflow density was less/more than the bottom water than the lake water bottom, than new transport and depositional paths were created Depending on the type of path that was created, it would largely influence the rate and remoteness to wh ich the sediment was transported.Stop 3a Kettleby TillThe Kettleby till is considered to be younger than the main till in the area because it may have been deposited by ice tangency stratified drift. Ice contact stratified drift is normally deposited by meltwater in contact and or in close proximity to the ice sheet. stratification and some sorting do takes place. Stop 3B Bethany Hills Deltaic sands on southern FlankYes this give birth is the result of erosion and depositional processes however, it is not associated with the current water course. This feature may be the result of a Gilbert type delta that once occupied this area. Gilbert type deltas have three main components topsets, foresets and bottomsets. Topsets are fluvial sediments (primarily sandur deposits) that were deposited on the subaerial delta surface. Erosive events occurring on the upper forslope can result in downslope channels and chutes. These features are then eroded by either beefed-up currents or by debris flow resulting in these channels and chutes to become filled. Foresets are a combination of sand and gravel facies. The are deposited by gravitative processes on the delta foreslope and the grains tend to become finer and more angular downslope. Bottomsets consist of fine grained silts and clay and are deposited at the foot of the delta front. Stop 3C Drumlin in elder northern/Newmarket TillI believe that this drumlin is closely related to erosion and accretion hypotheses of drumlin formation. This is because of its location being close to a steep vale wall.

AIDS :: AIDS Essays

AIDSUnprotected hinge on, dirty needles,pillsNow that I have your attention, today Ill be talking to you about the causes and set up on how you skunk contract this deadly computer virus.But first let me start by explaining what Aids/HIV really is and what it does to you once you have contract the Aids virus. Aids/Aids lowers your immune systems ability to produce the white blood cells and antibodies that protect you from colds, infections, etc. Lowered immunity makes a person vulnerable to attacks from different types of viruses. Such as simple colds, fungi, bacteria may lead to infectious diseases and tumors. Eventually these illnesses may cause death. A simple cold can become deadly to a person whos give with the Aids virus. There are many ways you can contract this deadly virus. iodine is by do drugs use and the second is having unprotected sex. You can contract Aids by using someone elses contaminated needle during drug use. If the needle your using is a dirty needle that s omeone else used and had Aids you easily contract Aids from them. Due to the blood thats left field in the needle or on the needle from the other person. The second way you can contract the Aids virus is by having unprotected sex or through oral sex. Infection of the virus can occur through anal or vaginal intercourse or oral venereal sex with an infected partner. The virus is present in semen and vaginal secretions of an infected person. It enters your system through small tears that can develop in vaginal or rectal tissues during sexual activity. Unsafe sex not only pertains to adults but also to kids and teenagers of all ages. Its doesnt matter how old or young you are, you can contract Aids at any age.There are many effects of this deadly virus. Aids causes sickness weakness of the body and in most cases death. The body gets weaker and isnt be able to function properly because there arent enough white blood cells to fight the virus due to the Aids virus. Department of Health a nd Human Services report that over 1 million masses between the ages of 20-39 will be infected wit Aids by the year 2000. The number of ages will drastically increase with deaths in all age groups reaching 70,000 per year. By the year 2005, 350 people a day will die from the virus.Many people believe that the medicines we have today can cure the Aids virus or way station it from spreading.

war on iraq :: essays research papers

Police line streets of Benton Harbor after nights of riotsResidents outraged by deadly police chaseWednesday, June 18, 2003 post 857 PM EDT (0057 GMT)State and local police make their presence felt Wednesday in Benton Harbor, Michigan. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Story Tools--------------------------------------------------------------------------------RELATED Interactive Benton Harbor riots occasion Benton Harbor, Michigan -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CNN Access Mayor Police relationship unkind to citizens pic Bullets, fire and rage on the streets of Benton Harbor, Michigan. WSBT reporter Jennifer Kuk is on the scene (June 18)PLAY VIDEO BENTON HARBOR, Michigan (CNN) -- As many as 300 officers from the Michigan State Police and surrounding jurisdictions moved onto the streets of this economically depressed small town Wednesday, hoping to sustain more violence after two nights of rioting triggered by the death of a black motorcyclist fleeing white officers in a high-speed chase. The city has stated a state of emergency and imposed a 10 p.m. to 5 a.m. curfew for children under the age of 16. Adults going to and from work are not affected by the curfew. The rain that began Wednesday evening may also discourage people from gathering outside. Benton Harbor Mayor Charles Yarbrough urged residents to stay home. "The burning mustiness stop, the rocks must stop, people must stop being hurt," Yarbrough said after Tuesdays violent protests left five homes burned and at least 10 people injured. Police used bust gas to break up a crowd of about 300 people early Wednesday. Some of the protestors shot at police, and as many as 12 people were arrested, mostly on charges of civil disturbance and vandalism, Yarbrough said. "It was very violent," Benton Harbor Police Chief Sam Harris said. "We had gunfire. They shot at our trucks, they shot at the ca ptain of police, ran barricades." The violence followed the death Monday night of a black motorcyclist in a high-speed chase by white police officers from nearby Benton Township. The motorcyclist, 28-year-old Terrance Shurn, of Benton Harbor, was killed when he crashed into a vacant building in a neighborhood near the citys center. City Manager Joe Patterson said the Michigan State Police are analyse the incident. Wednesday afternoon, police officers from several different jurisdictions began arriving in Benton Harbor. Some carried riot gear, and several reinforced vans called "peacekeepers" were parked downtown. The bullet-proof vans help protect officers from gunshots, rocks and bottles. Michigan Gov. Jennifer Granholm said about one hundred thirty state police officers are assisting local law enforcement, but she urged local leaders to come together to restore calm.

The Ethics Of The Media Essay -- essays research papers

The purpose of the media has become an ongoing question since the large amount of conflicts between the consumer and media. Why is the original purpose of the media so damn voiceless to figure out? It is time to confront this issue instead of blowing it off by saying, "We can never change the media, so why bother?" What loving of chickenshit statement is that? If there are so some(prenominal) people with so much power, surely one of them realizes the downward spiral of the ethics of the media. I disembodied spirit my sole purpose of this paper is to tell everyone my ideas and viewpoints on censoring the media.Ooooooo, censor. What a bad word that is when used in the same sentence with media. So many a(prenominal) people conceptualize censorship is a bad thing, but there is no other solution in stopping the "bad press." When I mock up back and look at the stories about stories that are bad and offending to someone, I realize something necessitates to be done. The media is out of control. True, there are many informing and needed stories, but, my god, how many times a day to we need to hear and read about how much money O.J. Simpson has to pay the family of Ronald Goldman? We, as consumers, need to sit back and ask ourselves, "What was the point of hearing or reading that story?" Back to the censor issue. I, as an aspiring journalist, do not believe in total and complete censorship of the media, but also, as an aspiring journalist, I am embarrassed of some of the stories that are run, for instance, when t...

Plague - Bacillus Yersinia Pestis Essay -- Biology Medical Biomedical

Identification and Prevention of What Makes Life Nasty, Brutish, and Short ravage is caused by the bacterium bacillus Yersinia pestis, and is carried by rodents, fleas, and mammals. evil takes three forms bubonic, pneumonic, and septicemic. Bubonic fire affects the lymph glands, while the pneumonic and septicemic forms affect the lungs and the blood. Today, hatred can be prevented by antibiotics and strict public health measures. triad methods of controlling carriers involve sanitizing the environment, educating the public on how to prevent exposure, and using prophylactic antibiotics.O happy posterity, who will not experience such abysmal hurt and will look upon our testimony as a fable, wrote the Florentian Renaissance author Francesco Petrarch to a friend in the midst of the Black Plague (Benedictow 3). Indeed, the Black Plague and its timeless infamy define when life was nasty, brutish, and short.Between 1346 and 1353, the Black Plague cast its dismal shadow over Europe, No rth Africa, the Middle East, and Western Asia. The plague also recurred in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in huge pandemics in Asia, and continues to be a threat today. The agent of plague, the bacterium bacillus Yersinia pestis, is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected fleas. Yersinia pestis is carried in the circulatory systems of chipmunks, prairie dogs, ground squirrels, mice, and other mammals. The plague is spread among humans by the inhalation of coughs of plague pneumonia. Although it is tempting to dismiss this pathogen as only active in outbreaks like the Black Death, and despite that the medical community found solutions to plague, plague continues to threaten those who run in areas of poor housing and sanitati... ...f Person-to-Person Transmission of Pneumonic Plague. wellnesscare Epidemiology. 27 July, 2006. 15 April, 2005. .Kopp, Elizabeth, and Medzhitov, Ruslan. A Plague on Host Defense. The Journal of observational Medicine. .Plague Fact Sheet . Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Department of Health and Human Services. 30 March, 2005. 26 July, 2006. .Plague Prevention and Control. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Department of Health and Human Services. 30 March, 2005. 26 July, 2006. .VeriMed Healthcare Network. Plague. Medline Plus. 17 June, 2005. 26 July, 2006. .

Plague - Bacillus Yersinia Pestis Essay -- Biology Medical Biomedical

Identification and Prevention of What Makes Life Nasty, Brutish, and ShortPlague is caused by the bacterium bacillus Yersinia pestis, and is carried by rodents, fleas, and mammals. Plague takes three forms bubonic, pneumonic, and septicemic. Bubonic plague affects the lymph glands, part the pneumonic and septicemic forms affect the lungs and the blood. Today, plague can be prevented by antibiotics and strict public health measures. Three methods of controlling carriers involve sanitizing the environment, educating the public on how to prevent exposure, and using prophylactic antibiotics.O happy posterity, who will not experience such abysmal woe and will look upon our testimony as a fable, wrote the Florentian Renaissance author Francesco Petrarch to a friend in the midst of the Black Plague (Benedictow 3). Indeed, the Black Plague and its timeless infamy define when conduct was nasty, brutish, and short.Between 1346 and 1353, the Black Plague cast its dismal shadow over Europe, No rth Africa, the Middle East, and Western Asia. The plague also recurred in the late nineteenth and early 20th centuries in huge pandemics in Asia, and continues to be a threat today. The agent of plague, the bacterium bacillus Yersinia pestis, is transmitted to humans through the snatch of infected fleas. Yersinia pestis is carried in the circulatory systems of chipmunks, prairie dogs, ground squirrels, mice, and other mammals. The plague is spread among humans by the inhalation of coughs of plague pneumonia. Although it is tempting to dismiss this pathogen as scarce active in outbreaks like the Black Death, and despite that the medical community found solutions to plague, plague continues to threaten those who live in areas of poor housing and sanitati... ...f personal Transmission of Pneumonic Plague. healthcare Epidemiology. 27 July, 2006. 15 April, 2005. .Kopp, Elizabeth, and Medzhitov, Ruslan. A Plague on Host Defense. The Journal of Experimental Medicine. .Plague Fact She et. Centers for Disease realise and Prevention. Department of Health and Human Services. 30 March, 2005. 26 July, 2006. .Plague Prevention and Control. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Department of Health and Human Services. 30 March, 2005. 26 July, 2006. .VeriMed Healthcare Network. Plague. Medline Plus. 17 June, 2005. 26 July, 2006. .

Reference to two South African examples Essay

In at least one point in the solar day, every-one finds themselves tuned into one broadcast station or another, be it tuner or television Be it for entertainment, relaxation, to be informed or merely a sum of escapism. For whichever reasons it is, radio and television play an bustling role in our everyday life whether we ar aw are of it or not. Using South African examples, this assignment seeks to discuss ii radio and two television literary literary genres. It is virtually impossible to discuss the issue genre before defining this term. Both the Oxford dictionary as well as Creeber (2001), defines genre as type or kind.Genres allow for the types or kinds of things to be categorised. For example in radio broadcasting, there are various different programs windy, such as talk shows, medication shows, news broadcasts, drama shows and so on. Each of these shows are categorised into a particular genre based on their characteristics. The two radio genres that will be discussed are talk shows and medicine shows. The phenomenon of genre is not exclusive to radio and television alone. In fact according to Greeber, it genre has played an definitive role in the study of literature, theatre, film, television and other art and media forms (Creeber, G 2001 pg.1). Radio-Talk Genre Radio stations like SAFM and 702 are al to the highest degree entirely sanctified to the genre of talk show however almost every radio station incorporates this genre if not at least for a few minutes. The succeeder of talk shows lie in participation by the interview. The earshot is urged to call into the radio station and either view their confidence on the efflorescenceic of discussion or pose questions to either an officiator or a panel. On SAFM for example, there was a program en epithetd The Life and Times of Dr. Bayers Nordea. The show was as the title implies, discussing and talking about Dr.Nordeas life. The show hosted family, colleagues and lifters, who spoke about his life. Listeners also got the opportunity to add their comments, thoughts, as well as pose questions to the panel. The show was also officiated by the host or disk jockey (D. J) of the show, who not only directed most of the discussion, but also made sure that the show, ran smoothly. The nature of talk shows is such that the audience phones in either agreeing or disagreeing to the topic or question be discussed.This opens the door for others to voice their opinions. According to Barnard (2000), phone-in encourages a free flow of opinion and conversation indoors the safety of an artificially created community (Barnard, S 2000). With out this element, the talk show would be deemed unsuccessful. Talk shows do not follow a particular protocol, meaning that any topic can be addressed. The mere action of a D. J. posing a question relating to any topic and receiving feedback from the audience constitutes the genre of talk show to be exercised. As any topic makes way for talk shows, it is common to find small inserts of talk show, all the same within a primarily music radio station.Highfeld Stereo is an example of a South African music radio station. It is common to find a office staff where a D. J. poses a question and opens the lines to receive feedback. The D. J is thus officiating a talk show, within a music show. Listeners of talk shows however, are necessitate to concentrate on the discussion if they are to understand what is being discussed, thus ones attention cannot divert from one thing to another. For example, one cannot talk to a fri stop on the phone, as well as remain concentered on the discussion. Radio-Music Genre.Although there is audience participation in the music genre, it differs from that of the talk genre. Regarding music radio, the audience is urged to call in to send dedications to friends or loved ones, choose songs they wish to hear, or vote for their favourite song rather than voice their opinions on a matter. Music as a genre is not s o clear-cut like talk shows. Within the music genres, there are sub-genres, where by music is categorised according to style. Rock, rave, hip-hop and pop would all be examples of sub-genres of the music genre.The music genre requires less attention from the listener to be focused on the show. Namely, the listener can do various other activities without loosing out on the entertainment. For example, term driving a car and focusing on the road, or while working at ones desk, one can continue to listen to his or her favourite song and not be side tracked. Unlike the talk genre where if one was driving a car and focusing on the road they would more than likely loose track of what was being discussed-alternatively, they would possibly have an accident. As the genre implies, the emphasis in music shows is in fact music.Therefore it is common to find very little talking by the D. J. and more music being played. The show usually consists of popular songs in the specific sub-genre being air ed. This genre also usually has a top 40 show, where the 40 most popular songs are aired. This is commonly known as contempory hit radio (Tomaselli/de Villiers 1998). 5FM radio station for example has the Coca-Cola Top 40 music show which is aired every Sunday morning from 1000- 1400. Other radio stations like East Coast Radio host the Top 10 at 10 show, which airs the 10 most popular songs every Tuesday night at 2200.These songs which make it onto the top 10 or top 40 lists, are songs which have been voted for by the public. Jacaranda FM in contrast to the mainstream radio stations of say 5FM for example would air music of a different sub-genre, however one would still find the most popular tracks of that specific sub-genre being aired, as well as top 10 shows occurring. In the music genre, the D. Js primary job is to play music and possible talk a little bit about the artist of the track, rather than being an officiator or a mediator of discussion, as is found in talk radio. Telev ision-Documentary Genre.As the term nonsubjective implies, these shows are usually fact based and require interrogation to be done on the particular topic being showed. Events are documented by a team of researchers and aired to the public. An example of a documentary would be found in the SABC 2 show 50/50. This is a documentary program that focuses on various aspects of the wild life. Documentaries however could focus on a variety of topics, including an event, person or idea. As the emphasis of documentaries is on information, enlightenment and facts, peachs usually watch documentaries as a means of being informed, rather than being entertained.The nature of documentaries is such that each episode is fully formed and has a definite conclusion even if left as an enquiry for the viewer to think about what they have just viewed. This allows the viewer to evaluate their knowledge of the topic against that of the show. Documentaries are also not usually serial form, as would be t he case in a sitcom for example. Rather, they tend to be self-contained episodes with definite endings. Documentaries usually also adopt a narrative structure & psychological relationship of the viewers to the program.The viewer is often addressed directly, in order to persuade the actual person watching at plaza that he or she is the you to whom the addresser is speaking (Allen,C 1992 pg. 118). This also forecloses the viewer interested in the show as well making them feel as if they expeditiously affect in what is going on. Due to the fact that documentaries are not entertainment focused and are rather a means of transferring information, events, wad or animals being documented are portrayed as realistically as possible.Animals, which are filmed in the 50/50 program, for example are filmed in their natural environments, rather than in zoos, in order to give the viewer the most realistic experience. As they are based on real occurrences, documentaries, irrelevant entertainme nt programmes such as sitcoms, do not focus as much on a specific plot. Television-Soap Opera As soap opera houses were in the beginning targeted at the female audience (brown, M 1994), it is not surprising to find that many of the central characters within this genre are women.More importantly, they are strong, justly and influential characters, rather than the stereotype housewife women. SABC 3 airs the soap opera Isidingo. Charel de Villiers and Leigh Haynes are two examples of strong, powerful and ambitious characters that play central roles in the show. It is important for these kinds of characters to exist, in order for the audience to which the show is targeted at to be able to relate. They women recognise some of there own identity in this convergence created by the media (Brown, M 1994). People watch soap operas for a number of reasons.The fact that they are entertaining, allows the viewer to unwind, relax or escape from the stresses from every day life, for the duration of the show, as the audience get lost in the naturalism of the program (Anderson, M 2004). Viewers could also be using the decision-making techniques and outcomes of the soap opera to work through their own issues (Anderson, M 2004). Isidingo is an example of a program that deals with AIDS-an issue that the whole of South Africa is facing it also provides solutions in the form of Nandipe-a get hitched with women infected with human immunodeficiency virus.Her positive attitude allows her to live a productive life. Viewers may see Nandipe as a role model. Those viewers infected with HIV may in fact even echo her actions in order to try and increase productivity in their own lives. Characters in soap operas are usually found in the form of multiple characters (Brown, M 1994) meaning that characters emphasize the group over the individual (Brown, M 1994 pg 53), thus many people can relate to one specific character.This also makes way for viewers to find similarities between themselve s and various other characters rather than one particular character. Brown believes that rather than relating to characters in soap operas, viewers implicate themselves to various characters, meaning that the viewer will see similarities between a particular character, or even characters, but when the character acts in a way that the viewer does not agree with, or feel comfortable with, the viewer will distance him or herself from the character (Brown, M 1994).Soap operas adopt a visualization style, which gets the viewer to focus and identify with a specific character (Brown, M 1994 pg. 53). On a radio talk show for example, a TV viewer called in with the opinion that the Isidingo villianess, Cherel de Villiers should be punished, as if the viewer could not differentiate between reality & fiction. (Anderson, M 2004). Apparently actors who play villainous characters are shunned offset by the public (Anderson, M 2004).It is not only the relatable characters and entertaining style of soap operas that keep the audience hooked. It is also the around-the-clock open-ended nature of episodes, set in the present and containing a number of alternating story lines which gives the audience sense of continuous pleasure (Brown, M 1994, pg. 58). The fact that soap operas resists narrative closure, meaning that the story is continuous and never ending, means there is always hope for the future (Anderson, M 2004).Thus viewers will continue to watch future episodes in order to come closer to seeing what will happen at the end (which never really comes). John Davies (1984) suggests about soap opera viewers that once hooked, they vacillate between their need to know, or the pleasure of foretelling that keeps viewers watching (Brown, M 1994). In discussing two radio and two television genres with reference to two South African examples, it is evident that the complexities and intricacies of various broadcasts and genres are not as simple as one would imagine.As seen above, vari ous genres and broadcasts draw in different audiences, and evoke various different responses in the viewer or listener. As technology continues to move forward, where will these broadcasts find themselves in the future? For now though, radio and television will continue to play an active part in almost all of our lives.BIBLIOGRAPHY Allen, Robert C. 1992. Televisions modes of address & the social context of T. V. viewing. In Channels of Discourse, reassembled. 2nd ed. Edited by Robert C. Allen. London Routledge.Anderson, Muff. Soapies mirror SAs soul. Mail & Guardian. 24 March 2004. Barnard, S. 2000. Studying Radio. New York Arnold Hodder. Brown, Mary Ellen. 1994. Ch. 3 Soap opera and womens talk The pleasure of resistance. Thousand Oaks Sage. Creeber, G. (ed. ). 2001. Introduction What is genre? In Creeber, G (ed),The television genre book. London British Film Institute, 1-7. Teer-Tomaselli, R and de Villiers, C. 1998. Radio Theatre of the Mind. In De Beer, A (ed). Mass media toward the Millennium. Pretoria van Schaik, 147-175.

Discuss the Satire of Pride and Prejudice Essay

The explanation of derision in the Oxford English dictionary is employ humour or exaggeration to show what is bad about a person or thing In Pride and Prejudice this notion is almost played upon, with Jane Austen using derision throughout the refreshful in different ways. It is an entertaining way of subtly poking fun at a person, or group of mint, which they are perhaps unaware of.Pride and Prejudice is a light-hearted novel, which although it picks out particular faults in society which existed then, and as Jane Austen sees them, it is a different quality of satire to the type of satire that George Orwell uses in animal outlying(prenominal)m. Whilst Orwell is poking fun at a political system, Austen is poking fun at the social circles that surround her in everyday life. In my own personal view, both successfully ridicule the groups that they intend to. Both authors play on the faults, and enlarge and exaggerate them.Although Austen uses satire in her novel, it is concealed to entirely only if the intelligent who see the real purpose and not just the comical factor of it all. Austen uses it lightly, and subtly, it is not blatant. She uses it benignly, and never means to be harsh, and offensive. She shows what she has observed, and picks peoples traits it is the people around her who are the inspiration for the characters in her novels.Using satire she showed the social snobbery between the separatees. She showed how the wealthy upper class ab apply their rank and class and considered himself or herself higher than anyone else. They used people to take in social status in society, and for example, Mr. Collins used to name snitch to gain respect from others, when frequently it would backfire on him, and the people would either end up express joying at him or disliking him entirely. Quite often when a person was organism rude to them, they would not notice, as it was subtle, this is satire. It is a way of stirring, but it is only ever-affected peop le if they could interpret it properly.In the text itself, it is very effective. On the surface the novel seems like a complicated love-story, but underneath it shows the true traits of society in the time of Jane Austen. Austen uses characters from the novel to depict the different types of people that there were in those times.In the novel there are several characters that are continually made fun of satirically. The novel starts with a strong statement, It is lawfulness universally known that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in need of a wife. This is as if it is lay in stone, and believed by a freshet of the characters, such as Mrs. Bennet, Lydia and Charlotte Lucas. By saying this, it is showing the woman to be shallow, and only really pity about the material things in life, such as how much cash a man has. The more money he has, the more appealing he is to marry. doll Catherine de Bourgh is another example of a character that has been satirised. She i s a lady who comes from the Upper Crust of society, and has a very high opinion of her. She hark backs herself to be extremely intelligent and superior to everyone else. She overprotects her daughter, and has an immense amount of control over those who are of her acquaintance.Austen shows Lady Catherines true character using dialogue. For example, when Lady Catherine goes to visit Lizzie Bennet, and they confuse an argument, Lady Catherine defends her self by saying Do you know who I am? You are shown whom she really is when she talks. Her opinion is strong, and she dislikes people talking back at her. In the novel, when Lizzie Bennet was dining with her, she would frequently ask a question, then answer it herself. Austen uses Lady Catherine as an example of a person who has a lot of money, and I high up in the social hierarchy, but lacks manners and tact, and is a general snob.A close acquaintance of Lady Catherine is Mr. Collins who is a cousin of the Bennets. He is the chaplai n at Rosings Park, for Lady Catherine. Mr. Collins almost worships Lady Catherine, as she has a lot of money, and he name is well known in society. He is incredibly materialistic, and puts money over personality. He tries to impress people by name dropping, often using Lady Catherine, in hope to gain popularity. He feels that it is important to do this, so that people will be impressed by him, as not only does he know Lady Catherine, he dines with her at least once a week. He is an example of someone who thinks that he has to be accepted in society and does this by alter means.He is a snob, and dislikes people that he feels are below him, although he himself is not highly popular. He has a fine image of himself in his head, and holds a good opinion of himself. You are shown that he is shallow when he asks Lizzie Bennet to marry him, as he claims that he is in love with her, and then when she refuses, he quickly got engaged to Charlotte Lucas, which just proves that he did not love Lizzie, and only asked her, as Lady Catherine said that he should have a wife. He is satirically made fun of most when he proposes to Lizzie Bennet. Austen makes the reader almost pity him, as he embarrasses himself to no end, without really knowing it, and making the reader laugh at him.You can compare Mr. Collins to Mr. Darcy. Mr Darcy is high up in the social hierarchy, as he takes after his fathers name who set such an example, and he sees no reason for him to name drop at all, especially as he is already at the height of society anyway. Mr. Darcy comes crosswise as the type of person who is actually fine with those who are below him, and although he may be off with them, and have formed opinions of them, his mind is not closed, and so there is a chance for it to change.This is shown when he is kind and civil to the Bennets who were not of the same class as him. Mr. Darcy does not seem to enjoy the telephoner of Mr. Collins as he is a sycophant, and tries to get to know Mr. Dar cy by talking about Lady Catherine, Mr. Darcys aunt. He is an example of someone who is a gentleman, and does not abuse his social rank, although it may seems like that to many people who do not know him very well. Mr. Darcy was born into money, and so always knew what it was like, and so does not need to abuse it, when there are other people who were not born into money, and do. For example, they might have got their money from labouring, and then made it big, and disowned their causality history, and then scoffed the people who were labouring. The Bingley sisters are a perfect example of this.The Bingley sisters are examples of new money, people who were not born into money, but made their money themselves. Even though this is the case, they like to think that they were born into money, and pretend that they were always in polite society. They abuse their rank in society, and they mock the people who they feel are below them, they think that those who work for their money are of the lower class this is ironic as they themselves made their money in such a way. The Bingley sisters are examples of people who have money, and really abuse it by thinking that they are very high up in life, and are rude to those who they think are below them.Mr. Bingley is a true gentlemen, who does not distinguish a person by how much money they have. He is an example to all those who thought that they were better than anyone else were. He treated everyone with respect. This is shown when he falls in love with Jane Bennet, who everyone else thought was far below him, and that Mr. Bingley was far superior to her. He showed everyone else that it did not matter where a person was on the rich list, but what sort of person they were, and that their personality mattered.William Lucas was a vain and cock-a-hoop man, and boasts a lot about his knighthood, but he isnt really all that experienced, and it is all just a large faade that he is hiding behind. He is an example of someone who is really proud, but does not really have a reason to be proud.All of the characters mentioned, and several others in the novel are metaphorically wearing a mask, and pretend to be something that they are not, just so that they can be excepted into polite society. They are all one person, as they are like sheep, and copy each other, so that they can also be excepted easier. For example, when no-one knew of the deeds Wickham had done, everyone liked him, as most people did, but when some people found out what he had done, even if they did not tell anyone, you could tell that everyone else was trying to copy them by not being civil to him.They just used to follow the crowd, and they would get so caught up in what they were trying to be, that they would forget who they really were, and what their real identity was. Austen depicts this using satire in her novel, and makes it known to the reader what it was like in those times. In some ways it also can be reflected on what it still is s traightaway, except nowadays there is a sheet over it all, and so you cannot see it that much.All in all I think that the satire is very affective, and I think that Austen uses it to her advantages, and it reflects true fully what the real situation was in those times, and how it was hard to tell whom the real people were. I think that the satire that she uses is really clever, and it makes you think a lot. On the surface it is quite light hearted, but underneath the surface it is much deeper than humour, and it makes you understand that there was a lot of people who were so obsess with being sociable, that in the end you had to laugh at them.It is hard to understand it fully nowadays, as times have changed, and people have different understandings. The satire could become diluted in such situations, but I think that in this case it does not, and it stays strong. I think this because it just makes the modern introduction which we live in seem so much more trivial, and it gives you an understanding of what it must have been like to live then. I feel that the satire used in Pride and Prejudice is altogether witty, and clever, never once failing to mean something.

International Finance Corporation

Financing the Mozal Project Executive summary We have assessed the various hazards involved in the Mozal abide. The construction risk, operating risk and financing risk are relatively small but the political risk is very extravagantly. Creeping expropriation and moral hazard are realistic threats to the project. The high sovereign risk is reflected in the hurdle rate. The hurdle rate amounts to a much higher value than the internal rate of return. Therefore, it is not feasible for the sponsors to press the proposed investment in the project.Regarding the financing gap of $250m participation of the IFC is quintessential as commercial bankers refuse to provide funding without its involvement. IFC involvement could be very just for the project but the IFCs board should not go through with the recommended investment of $120m as the high sovereign risk does not justify making the IFCs largest investment yet. Summary of facts The Mozal project, a $1. 4b aluminum smeltery in Mozambique , is a joint venture between Alusaf, the aluminum subsidiary of the Gencor group, and the Industrial Development flock (IDC) of South-Africa, a government owned development bank.Mozambique is one of the poorest countries in the world and only recently emerged from a 17-year civil war that had destroyed the countrys infra bodily structure. Both parties would each own 25% of Mozal by an honor investment of $125m. Ownership of the remaining equity stake of $250m is still to be determined. To be adequate to(p) to attract additional funding, the sponsors require needed to involve the International Finance Corporation (IFC), a member of the World Bank Group. The IFC has a good study and solid experience in structuring wishs in emerging markets.The IFC board has received a recommendation by its aggroup to participate in the project with a $55m senior debt and $65m subordinated debt investment. http//www. slideshare. net/prafful16/financing-the-mozal-project http//www. scribd. com/doc /105379331/The-Mozal-Project Financing the Mozal Project Benjamin Esty Harvard Business School Finance Unit February 18, 2000 Case No. 200-005 didactics Note 5-200-025 abstract entity SUBJECT AREAS project finance, emerging markets, sovereign risk, valuation analysis, Africa, International Finance Corporation, multi-lateral agencyCASE SETTING June 1997, Mozambique, aluminum smelter, $1. billion investment, $700 million revenue, 750 employees In June 1997, a project team from the International Finance Corporation (IFC) was recommending that the board approve a $120 million investment in the Mozal project, a $1. 4 billion aluminum smelter in Mozambique. Four factors made this recommendation controversial. First, it would be the IFCs largest investment in the world and by far its largest investment in Sub-Saharan Africa. Second, the project was massive by Mozambican standardsit was not much smaller than the countrys 1996 gross domestic project (gross domestic product).Third, Moza mbique was a very poor country at the time (per capita GDP of $90) and had only recently emerged from 20 years of civil war. Fourth, many aspects of the deal remain undetermined such as who was going to provide half the equity needed to finance the project. Despite these concerns, the sponsors, Alusaf (the aluminum subsidiary of the South African minerals company, Gencor) and Industrial Development Corporation of South Africa (IDC is a development bank), want to structure a limited-recourse deal to finance the smelter it will be non-recourse to the sponsors after completion.Commercial bankers have refused to participate unless the International Finance Corporation gets involved in the deal and so the sponsors have approached the IFC about participation. After reviewing the projects commercial viability and development impact, the IFC team is recommending the investment. The board must decide whether it is the right time and the right project to coif such a large investment. The cas e has four pedagogical objectives. ) It presents an extreme example of political risk in a developing country vista and shows how organizations like Institutional Investor, the Economist Intelligence Unit, and The PRS Group attempt to analyze it for prospective investors.2) It illustrates the modern form of political risk management through project selection, structuring, and insurance, and contrasts this approach with the older, financial style of political risk management whereby sponsors simply increased hurdle rates to ensure sufficient project returns. ) It highlights the various roles three-way development institutions, in general, and the IFC, in particular, can play in financing major projects. 4) It analyzes IFCs involvement in appraising, structuring, monitoring, and financing projects, and shows how these activities create value by closure costly market imperfections including information, distress, agency, and transactions costs. It also explores the IFCs performance in these various activities. Given these objectives, the case is appropriate for business/government, strategy, international business, and finance courses. Case and Teaching Paper Series

Culture and Imperialism, a Review of Edward Said Essay

Edward Said remains one of the best selling and well known of the social and literary theorists that deal with individuality and nation in the post-compound global setting. This field is saturated with work dealing with culture and identity element formation, post-modern epistemic communities, and most importantly, the relationship between context (ethnic, religious or economic) relative to the formation of such communities. There merchant ship be no question that the reading of Saids carry must take place within the context of the American neo-conservative drive to dominate the planet in the name of a vaporous democracy, or evening free markets. And for this reason, it is important for the author to establish his view on the United States as a conqueror bureau primarily, as her early history can be reduced to the settler mentality. Transplants from the imperial center to the imperial hinterlands, for Said is basic totallyy the same as the slave societies functioning in the C arribean Islands, as his consciousness of Austin shows. America is a slave power and a conquering power in that her information cannot be separated from the systematic pillaging of inseparable traditions and lands.What makes America more interesting is her ability to absorb many traditions, and, from that, to create an identity in a rather counter-intuitive sort of way. Even further, the claim is that such an imperial power has the ability to create unity reveal of disunity of creating an identity out of cacophony. Austria, Russia and the Ottomans are just three other examples of predatory powers creating unity out of disunity, or, even more strangely, creating the imperial idea precisely from the materials of disunity, both ethnic and religious.This kind of dialectic, i. e. identity from opposing elements, is central to Saids concept of identity formation in the context of domination and exploitation. The central argument here is that identity formation has been poorly treated in the historiographic tradition both of the westerly and of the post-colonial world. Authors have tended to target the functional, static aspects of identity and culture, without understanding, as a whole, the nature of the social context.In other words, social and economic exploitation is as often a part of post-colonial identity as the more static elements of language. In his own ethnic identity, that of the Palestinian, Said can competently say that his own identity exists not in a vacuum, but as intrinsically part of the cultural formation deriving from Turkish, British and Jewish forms of colonial rule. Hence, there is no Palestine, as a cultural formula outside of the multi-ethnic scope of domination and violent colonialization.There is a culture, but it is a culture of resistance, a culture whose very formation exists in a matrix of humiliation. Hence, Said creates a dialectic of his own, following the more common Hegelian logical mental picture of the conclusion being ma nufactured though opposition. Identity, as a thesis, is a dialogue deriving from resistance to power. But even more, the antithesis, this identity formation derives at least in part from the literary (speaking broadly) production of the post-colonial center.In other words, after the experience of colonialism, the former metropole continues to dominate the subject peoples from the point of view of literary productions itself, in fact, a form of identity formation often overlooked in the historical literature. Lastly, as a tax write-off, Said holds that a post colonial idea of identity of a formerly subject people is a creation whose final end is indeterminate, and even in general strokes, is vulnerable to critique.The synthesis here is itself an extremely pessimistic concept of identity that leaves the formerly dominated to be forever controlled by the mass-language modes of communication. Communication itself is a form of political power and colonial domination. It is a common ide a, driving in modern times from Benedict Anderson and Eric Hobsbawm, that the nation or ethnic group is a contrived entity. This does not countervail its use as a variable in analysis, but it does show some light on the nature of tradition considered very broadly.In short, Anderson has splendidly made the argument that the ethnos is a imagined community where the individual envisions himself part of a heritage and a history he had no part in making, and cannot ever hope to experience as a single entity. It is a series of mental images rather than as a set of incontrovertible facts. Hobsbawm, for his part, holds that the ethnos or nation is the synthetic creation not merely of a series of images, but that these images are the direct creation of elites who have a specialised interest in development a intelligence of unity among a formerly disunified people.Mass media, standardized language and an industrial economy are all necessary for such basic cultural standardization to take place. Hence, the idea of a nation, while still useful to the social sciences, remains an entity without actual agency a monstrous creation rather than a natural growth (cf. 15-18). Said holds to these views, but of course, provides the reader with the more general and inclusive category of internationalist exploitation.While this is a broad category, it remains concrete, since, given the identity of any specific ethnic group, close analysis of its history shows not a development of an ethnic idea, but rather a life of domination, exploitation and manipulation that has forced a hasty and uncritical sense of self that is itself a twirl and the worst form of image manipulation. It is unnatural to the extreme, and hence the global context is highly alienated, since the bulk of the human population subscribe (passively, to be sure) to a sense of self that is a mere reaction of the ethnic immune system (210).

What is the Future of Internet Radio?

Since the days when the family wireless was a focal crown of the home, where everyone gathered as the main source of wises and diversion to the present day of Internet, satellite and digital radio content, the basic concept of radio has not only survived, entirely thrived. With all of the new options in radio, however, the drumhead of the time to come of Internet radio has generated many ideas, controversy and discussion over the past several long time.This essay will take a balanced get along to discussing both the pros and cons of Internet versus traditionalistic radio in an effort to ultimately answer this question in an intelligent way. Will Internet Radio switch over Traditional Radio? The knee-jerk tendency when considering whether or not Internet radio will replace traditional radio would be to assume that this would be the campaign if for no some other reason than due to the natural progression of technology, much like the compact disc eventually replaced the vinyl record and the like.However, a ne atomic number 18r look at the question requires that a more thorough review of source material take place before jumping to conclusions. In less(prenominal) than a decade, Internet radio has gained the same status as a mass media source as radio has over approximately the last century-clearly a force with which to be reckoned (VanHorn). This begs the question of how this was able to take place so rapidly and whether it is due to the faddish nature of some new technologies or because of diaphanous advantages that Internet has over formal radio.Few would argue that the immense increase in the availability of Internet access over the past several years has added to the power of the medium- this includes not only the fact that most every workplace in America has some level of Internet access for most employees, precisely also that Internet access has been made available to the vast majority of households across a range of economic classes, races and cultures. With this, a new group of media consumers has evolved.Called streamies, these individuals are those who use the Internet for shopping, communication, work, and media/entertainment access (VanHorn). The streamies are now beginning their second, and in some cases third generation, with children gaining access to the Internet as soon as they are able to point and click a computer mouse. So, we see a well established and growing audience for Internet radio. Internet radio producers kick in not been blind to the fact that they are looking at a seemingly endless supply of listeners and that the future potential is all but endless.Knowing that this audience is technologically savvy, and harnessing the power of the Internet, there have been many enhancements to the Internet radio experience that in fairness are hard for conventional radio to compete with, including interactive broadcasts that allow listeners to provide feedback to broadcasters, blogs that allow for the audien ce to communicate with each other, and additional Websites which could give a listener access to other materials of interest.Evidence suggests that this type of multimedia experience is very well suited to the modern person, who not only wishes to hear a media source, but also wishes to have something to watch or that will give the chance for ones intellect to be exercised (Crisell). While Internet radio seems to have quite an medley of options to offer to the modern audience member, traditional radio should not be counted out just yet.From the advent of Internet radio, traditional radio has attempted to loosen up down the proliferation of competing Internet radio, first through lawsuits which alleged that Internet broadcasters were taking unfair advantage of the broadcasting system because of the fact that they were exempt from many of the regulations which at clock saddle the traditional radio broadcaster and represent a huge expense for them (Mckibben).Failing that, the tradit ionalists have in recent years excessively gotten involved in Internet broadcasting, using online technology to reach a wider audience with the content that was popular with conventional listeners for years in the past (Crisell). It would come forward that in the present stalemate between Internet and conventional radio, the future for both seems cloudy. However, as we will see in a later constituent of this essay, there is a very viable future that remains to be seen.Should Internet Radio Pay the Same Royalties as Traditional Radio? The point was made earlier that conventional radio has long argued that Internet radio has unfair advantage in areas such as regulation, technological requirements, etc. another(prenominal) consideration that has financial implications is the question of whether or not Internet radio should pay the same royalties as traditional radio if the two media sources are polar but fundamentally similar.Ironically, when discussing royalties, Internet broadcas ters have a disadvantage over conventional broadcasters, at least on the surface. Conventional broadcasters pay a zeal royalty into order to broadcast copyrighted materials such as songs, whereas Web-based broadcasters are charged a fee per download. Therefore, given the huge size of online audiences that do not have the limitations like those who receive broadcasts on regular radios, royalty fees can quite literally be without limit (Harwood).On the other hand, the possibility of always elephantine audiences, if properly marketed, can result in substantially larger advertising revenue if advertisers can be convinced of the value of such large target audiences for their message. With the evidence that exists, it would seem that the answer would be not to arbitrarily assess higher royalty fees to Internet broadcasters, or to lower fees to traditional broadcasters to enterprise to give them some sort of competitive edge over the massive power of online broadcasters, but to find a way to create a percentage-based royalty fee for both media sources.For example, Internet broadcasters who are mostly content-based and do not emphasize a large amount of advertising would not be held amenable for massive royalty payments since the content they are utilizing is not being used for the purposes of driving massive revenues in the first place. Conversely, when Internet content results in massive advertising revenue, it would only make sense that royalties be fairly paid for the content that made the profits possible.Careful auditing and a process of verification for the numbers that are used to determine the royalty rates would alleviate any possible errors and disputes from the outset. What Does the Future Hold? The point was earlier made that the destruction of traditional radio in favor of Internet radio may not be what the future holds, and there are compelling reasons for making that assumption, for as knife edge and attractive as Internet radio may be, there i s something to be said for the grass roots way that traditional radio operates, serves and entertains.In times of emergency and local interest, people will always look to the traditional, local radio station for what they crave-something that computer servers and satellites from around the globe simply cannot provide, as if they are too big and cumbersome to be as nimble and versatile as the smaller broadcasters in the traditional sense tend to be (Armstrong). Also, as was said earlier, traditional broadcasters can likewise participate in Internet broadcasting while still retaining their local ties and flavor.Therefore, it is quite reasonable to predict that the future will save a place for the traditional, and cutting edge broadcasting worlds. Conclusion At the risk of sounding outrageous, there are surely new applications of broadcasting technology that currently exist only in the minds of those trying to make them a reality. Therefore, in closing, the point should also be made th at radio, to repeat a line from a classic song, has only just begun.

Baroque Humanities

If ever there was a intent of enlightened absolutism on European soil, it has to be the one hundred fifty year-long period from 1600 A. D. to 1750 A. D. , which witnessed the rebirth of grand styles in art, sculpture, painting and literature. The ideas of monarchism were rejuvenated during this era as the issues of social contract and individual liberty frequented the thought process minds. In fact the thinking renaissance had already been set in motion by eminent philosophers and rulers, including Joseph II and Maria Theresa of Austria, Louis XIV of France, Frederick II of Prussia and many others.Also known as the baroque period, this phase is noted for its spectacular growth and development across all vertices, especially in artistic realms. What singles out the churrigueresque from other periods in European history was its dynamism of cultural expressions. The creation of art was unrestrained and raw in nature. From a political perspective, the British Commonwealth under the leaders of Oliver Cromwell thrived in trade and commerce, and secularism emerged after the brutal bloodbath of the Middle Ages.The royal court of England was receptive to the refreshing homecoming-reformatory changes that occurred in the happy sphere of this period. Our current manakin of discussion goes beyond just the social, political or religious scenarios that characterized the Baroque era. Rather we attempt to seek the culminating point to have come out of the intellectual revolution of the time, expressing itself in threefold directive of literature, music and art.To achieve our objective, we have picked up three authoritative works distinctive of the Baroque era Orfeo by Claudio Monteverdi for music, The fervid Heart by Richard Crashaw for literature and The Last Supper by Jacopo Tinteretto for artwork. The rest of this essay is going to elaborate on how the profound philosophies and witticism of the Baroque period were manifested in these three masterpieces. Music in t he Baroque featured a discernible style and mode of expression unique to this era only.It was converged on a diverse breed of artistic expressions to form a continuum of aesthetic principles rooted in visual and literary arts. First performed in 1607, Orfeo by Claudio Monteverdi is deemed as the touch musical composition of the Baroque. The grandeur of this Italian opera dissolved the geographical barriers and traversed far and wide to all corners of Europe. Composed on the themes of the Greek legend of Orpheus, Orfeo celebrates the liberty of philia of the Baroque through its forceful dramatic appeal and impeccable orchestration.The compelling intellectual sensitivity of the Baroque literature is best manifested in The Flaming Heart, an English poem by Richard Crashaw. This poem captures the extravagance of poetic imagination both in content as well as in form. As argued by Summers and Pebworth (175), The Flaming Heart is comparable to The Ecstasy of St. Teresa by Bernini in its vividly descriptive expression of personal emotions. As the poem nears the end, it weaves a conjure up of the mind for the reader, which is left unexplored by Bernini (Summers et al. 175) By all of him we have in thee,Leave nothing of my self in me Let me so read thy sprightliness that I Unto all sprightliness of mine may die. (The Flaming Heart 2009) The Baroque elements in Crashaw, as argued by Healy (1), are reflected in his tendency to pull in the fallacious view. Indeed, the period in question was stripped off all sorts of polished sophistication and the style of expression was more inclined to counter reformatory impulses than to judgments about taste (Healy 2). The Last Supper by Jacopo Tinteretto concerns the Biblical allusion to the spiritual act of communion.As a groundbreaking work of manneristic painting, a genre that evolved in the Baroque traditions, this piece of artwork speaks volumes for the ingenuity of painters belonging to the Venetian school during the Itali an Renaissance. The quintessential baroque features in The Last Supper are manifested through Tinterettos frizzy use of perspective and lighting effects. Similar to all other artistic genres of the baroque, the manneristic painting too was characterized by freedom of expression and intricacies of ornamentation.In case of The Last Supper, these aspects were brought to life by brisk brushstroke technique on canvas (The Last Supper by Jacopo Tinteretto 2002-2009). Etymologically the term baroque implies abnormality and extravagance. Now it has been historically proved that any robust age is bound to be fueled by these traits rather than orderly and genteel ones. It is quite clear from the above discussion that the Baroque era was the florid period in the history of Europe in terms of authentic art movements.Literary compositions, musical experimentations and painting reflected the erratic but extremely creative spirit of the age. Works Cited Healy, Thomas F. Richard Crashaw. Leiden Brill Archive, 1986. Summers, Claude J. , and Ted-Larry Pebworth. The wit of seventeenth-century poetry. Columbia University of Missouri Press, 1995. The Flaming Heart. Poemhunter. com. 23 April 2009. 23 April 2009 . The Last Supper by Jacopo Tinteretto. DirectEssays. com. 2002-2009. 23 April 2009 .

Impact of Media Technology on Learning Behavior

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Advanced Human Resources: Trends and Challenges in modern business environments Essay

Imagine an disposal in the mellowed technology area of wireless. The market dynamics are very high due to the tinge of the technology. This calls for strategic changes in stemma on a constant basis. In this environment a misalignment between the makeup direction and human choice direction can be fatal. This can be demonstrated by taking a case study of the technology change.Second generation technologies in mobile parley dominated the scene for a decade. Gradually there was a change in the way consumers utilize the services. There was more emphasis on the data services than the traditional voice services. A degraded working in developing these technologies easily picks up these indicators from the market and the industry bodies. The business line is also aware of the future changes with third generation mobile technologies.However in this case, the human resource department is tout ensemble unaware of the changes and the future direction. This has direct impact on the wa y the resources are picked and trained. Without the strategic direction, the organization shut up has and continues to grow the resources to tackle the second generation technologies, which is the current market requirement. When the new technology arrives, the organization has to translate almost fully within a short time.If the human resources department was proactive, it would have picked up the business directions. This would have directly impacted the type of resources that they would bring into the company. The new recruitments would have skills necessary for the current requirements as well as to move to the new technologies. The organization would be better equipped and would be up to(p) to move faster.Although the above example is a simplistic illustration, it is an indication of how much human resources can impact in the modern business environment. The role and importance of human resource management have changed everyplace the years. From the traditional role of recr uitment and retaining employees, the function now looks at a broader spectrum of activities in an organization. In note of hand with the expanding scope, the function has increasely become a strategic unit in organizations.In the current business environment which is characterized by dynamic changes and speed of decision making, human resources has been effectively used by triple-crown organizations to bring about competitive edge. This is more relevant in an age when intellectual capital is considered to be the most important competitive advantage.This paper looks at the contrary aspects that influence the role of human resource management and the incompatible functions that it has to perform in the current business environment. It also looks at the detect trends in human resource personal in the current environments and its impact. Human resources have greater responsibility of ensuring that the organization is able to attract, retain and contribute to the growth of the firm. It now needs to understand the business need and check off that the organizational genius level is aligned to achieve the business goals. Leadership development is another mention area where human resource is increasingly seen to provide initiative in an organization.Further, the paper tries to identify key challenges that arise due to the new business and working environment. From managing limited teams in single location, human resource department now deals with multi-cultural environment with different perspectives and ways of working. Diversity can now be gear up to the advantage of an organization instead of creating hurdles in working closely. Innovativeness of a firm now could be based on diversity. This illustrates how the function now needs to adopt new tools, strategies and techniques for effectively carrying out their activities.With increasing number of acquisitions, mergers and consolidation in the market in most industries, creating the best team out of the differ ent cultures, work environments and practices is an ongoing challenge to the human resource development. It must ensure that the productivity and availability of talent is consistent when organizations go through such major changes. It must also ensure that the underlying desoxyribonucleic acid of the organization that enabled it to be successful is not lost when such changes occur.Further challenges for the companies in the knowledge economic system can come from aspects such as population growth. It is imperative for organizations to look long term, predict the gaps in talent pool that might arise and proactively prepare for it. While there are already different solutions available, it is necessary for organizations to adopt those solutions that fit in the organizations culture.

Applying Psychology to Homelessnes Essay

Housing is a basic human want and plays an substantial role in ensuring the intimately-being minorren and adults. Stable lodging is a necessary need for positive child and youth development in society. Although proper lodgement is essential for human biological and kind development, statistics hand over shown a rising brasss of homeless families with children in recent years because of short-handed affordable houses (The united States league of Mayors, 2006).Homelessness is a complicated socioeconomic issue with several economic and social operators underlying it. The socioeconomic factors let in poverty, inadequate affordable caparison, some biological and mental ill health, community disintegration and family breakdown. These be the factors which in combinations, would contribute to the frequency, and type of homelessness (The United States Conference of Mayors, 2006).Homeless means to live without proper shelter umpteen people experience partial homelessness by fina ncial support in uncertain, temporary, and sub-standard shelters. Homelessness has become national disaster in some countries. Some of the biological causes of homelessness are mental ill health (The United States Conference of Mayors, 2006). payable to the hard circumstances that befall homeless people throughout their lives, statistics have shown that there are higher(prenominal) rates of mental illness affecting this population. During the year 2008 survey conducted by the U.S Conferences of Mayors, showed mental illness the 3rd largest cause of homelessness in the United States (The United States Conference of Mayors, 2006).Mental illnesses quite a little be biological and checkup conditions which affect the normal activity of the human brain and mind. It often affects angiotensin converting enzymes moods, emotions as well as the thought processes. The functionality of the mind is diminished hence reducing their ability of the affected individuals to take boot of themselves or their living environment hence may not care even if they are living in the streets (Nielsen, 2011).Mental illness alike affects an individuals ability to make and maintain friendly relationship and relationships and therefore, issues involving mental illness quarter push those closer to the affected individual away. In such case the people closer may remain homeless by keeping away or they may dispose the affected individual to be homeless in the streets (National Coalition for the Homeless, 2009).The other biological factor leading to homelessness is depression. Depressive disorders have been proved to be the most common factor causing homelessness with nearly 25% of homeless individuals suffering from depression. It controls individuals outlook on life and their ability to judge circumstances. It results to showtime self-esteem, a loss of interest in actions that were once important as well as disqualifying effect on peoples ability to relate to others (Nielsen, 2011).De pression can be generalization homelessness because one feels isolated and lonely being homeless (Ravenhill, 2008). The feelings of isolation and loneliness have adverse effectuate on the relationship and could trigger rooflessness, for example, parental neglect (Ravenhill, 2008)Identify and describe at least 2 social factors that may be related to becoming or being homeless. Talk about how these factors may play a role in homelessness and support your statements with research evidence, where necessarySocial factor that can cause homelessness is economic insecurity in a community or family. According to statistical findings, in the year 2005, almost 60% of individuals earning an income of less than 30% of the HUD were paying more than half of their salary on housing and allowance, and almost the same percentage of people were also living in poor and inadequate housing (Ravenhill, 2008). Inadequate affordable housing for rental and the high economic recession have contributed to t he change magnitude number of homeless adults and children. Economic recession have led to the high number of unemployed and has also increased laying off of employees hence people cannot afford decent housing due to neglect of the rental allowance.Violence at home is another social factor that has led to homelessness in the United States of America. Violence often predicts whether children and adults would experience homelessness or not. Research has shown that most homeless mothers with children have at one point in their families experienced domestic violence. Domestic violence may make somebody lock away from home to safety and in the process the affected find themselves homeless in the streets. This social factor has mostly affected women and children. Women and children in homeless shelters and those affected by domestic violence shelters are affected by same experiences like exposure to traumatic lives. Intimate family violence often triggers housing instability and in the process, one partner may run away from home. The domestic violence can be brutal beating or sexual abuse to a partner or a child (Ravenhill, 2008).In solving the problem of homelessness, the government should increase housing subsidies and provide permanent accommodation for those people living in domestic violence affected families, and unaccompanied youths. Research has shown that families who get housing subsidies are likely to have permanent housing stability than those who do not receive housing subsidy (National Coalition for the Homeless, 2008).ReferenceNielsen, S. (2011). Psychiatric disorders and mortality among people in homeless shelters in Denmark a nationwide register-based cohort study. The Lancet, 377, 2205-2214.Ravenhill, M. (2008). The culture of homelessness. Abingdon, Oxon Ashgate Publishing Group.The United States Conference of Mayors. (2006). A status report on hunger and homelessness in Americas cities. Retrieved April 27, 2014 from http//www.usmayors.org/publ icationsNational Coalition for the Homeless. (2008). How many people experience homelessness? Retrieved April 27, 2014 from http//www.nationalhomeless.org/factsheets/familiesSource account

Review Chemistry Chapter 4

CHAPTER 4 REACTIONS IN sedimentary SOLUTION MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 4. 1Which of the future(a) compounds is a unvoiced electrolyte? E A. piss B. O2 C. H2SO4 D. C6H12O6 (glucose) E. CH3COOH (acetic pane) declaration C 4. 2Which of the adjacent compounds is a strong electrolyte? E A. piddle B. N2 C. KOH D. C2H6O (ethanol) E. CH3COOH (acetic caustic) root C 4. 3Which of the followers compounds is a jerry-builtened electrolyte? E A. HCl B. CH3COOH (acetic biting) C. C6H12O6 (glucose) D. O2 E. NaCl arrange B 4. 4Which of the quest compounds is a weak electrolyte? E A. HCl B. NH3 C. C6H12O6 (glucose) D. N2 E. KCl consequence B 4. 5Which of the sideline compounds is a n wizardnesslectrolyte? E A. NaF B. HNO3 C. CH3COOH (acetic pane of glass) D. NaOH E. C6H12O6 (glucose) assigntlement E 4. 6Which of the pursuit compounds is a no(prenominal)lectrolyte? E A. NaOH B. HNO3 C. CH3COOH (acetic harsh) D. KF E. C2H6O (ethanol) resolve E 4. 7Identify the major noodle spec ies hold in an aqueous consequence of NaNO3. M A. Na2+, NO3 B. Na+, N3 , O3 C. Na+, N3 -, O32 D. Na+, N+, O2 E. Na+, NO3 respondion E 4. 8Identify the major bean species face up in an aqueous ascendent of Ca(OH)2. E A. Ca2+, H+, O2 B. Ca2+, OH2- C. Ca+, H-, O2 D.Ca2+, O2H22 E. Ca2+, OH resolving power E 4. 9The distinguishing characteristic of tout ensemble electrolyte solutions is that they E A. contain molecules B. murder electricity C. fight with other solutions D. always contain acids E. conduct heat result B 4. 10According to the solvability rules, which one of the pursuit compounds is indis meltable Ein peeing? A. NaCl B. MgBr2 C. FeCl2 D. AgBr E. ZnCl2 swear out D 4. 11According to the solubility rules, which one of the pursuance compounds is non- pissing-soluble Ein water system? A. Na2SO4 B. BaSO4 C. CuSO4 D. MgSO4 E. Rb2SO4 purpose B 4. 2According to the solubility rules, which one of the undermentioned compounds is insoluble Ein water? A. Ca CO3 B. (NH4)2CO3 C. Na2CO3 D. K2CO3 E. KNO3 help A 4. 13According to the solubility rules, which one of the next(a) is soluble in water? E A. Hg2Cl2 B. Na2S C. Ag2CO3 D. Ag2S E. BaSO4 service B 4. 14According to the solubility rules, which one of the sideline is soluble in water? E A. AgBr B. AgCl C. Ag2CO3 D. AgNO3 E. Ag2S firmness of purpose D 4. 15According to the solubility rules, which one of the adjacent is soluble in water? E A. (NH4)3PO4 B. Ca3(PO4)2 C. AlPO4 D.Ag3PO4 E. Mg3(PO4)2 reception A 4. 16According to the solubility rules, which one of the following is soluble in water? E A. CaSO4 B. BaSO4 C. PbSO4 D. K2SO4 dish out D 4. 17In unity with the solubility rules, which of the following go away occur when Msolutions containing roughly 0. 1 g of Pb(NO3)2(aq) and KI(aq) /100 mL ar conglomerate? A. KNO3 ordain hasty Pb2+ and I- leaveing be mantrap ions. B. No boil down testament family. C. Pb(NO3)2 go out abrupt K+ and I- give be spectator ions. D. P bI2 all(prenominal)ow for devolve K+ and NO3- go out be spectator ions. E. Pb2+ and I- will be spectator ions, and PbI2 will precipitate.Read this Practice Test Chem 105 firmness of purpose D 4. 18In accordance with the solubility rules, which of the following will occur when Msolutions of CuSO4(aq) and BaCl2(aq) atomic number 18 mixed? A. CuCl2 will precipitate Ba2+ and SO42 will be spectator ions. B. CuSO4 will precipitate Ba2+ and Cl will be spectator ions. C. BaSO4 will precipitate Cu2+ and Cl- will be spectator ions. D. BaCl2 will precipitate Cu2+ and SO42 will be spectator ions. E. No precipitate will form. resoluteness C 4. 19In accordance with the solubility rules, which of the following will occur when Msolutions of ZnSO4(aq) and MgCl2(aq) be mixed? A.ZnCl2 will precipitate Mg2+ and SO42 will be spectator ions. B. ZnSO4 will precipitate Mg2+ and Cl- will be spectator ions. C. MgSO4 will precipitate Zn2+ and Cl- will be spectator ions. D. MgCl2 will precipitate Zn 2+ and SO42 will be spectator ions. E. No precipitate will form. conclude E 4. 20Which of the following is the correct net ionic equivalence for the response that occurs M when solutions of Pb(NO3)2 and NH4Cl are mixed? A. Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2NH4Cl(aq) NH4NO3(aq) + PbCl2(s) B. Pb2+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq) PbCl2(s) C. Pb2+(aq) + 2NO3-(aq) + 2NH4+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq) 2NH4+(aq) + 2NO3-(aq) + PbCl2(s) D.NH4+(aq) + NO3-(aq) 2NH4NO3 Answer B 4. 21The common constituent in all acid solutions is M A. H2 B. H+ C. OH- D. H2SO4 E. Cl- Answer B 4. 22Identify the ions position in an aqueous solution of LiOH. E A. Li2+, O- , H- B. Li+, OH- C. LiO-, H+ D. Li+, O2 , H+ E. Li , OH+ Answer B 4. 23Identify the major ions present in an aqueous solution of HNO3. E A. HN+, O2 B. OH- , NO3- C. OH- , NO+ D. H+, N3-, O2 E. H+, NO3- Answer E 4. 24What choice gives the correct formula of the common salt create in the neutralisation answerion E reply of hydrochloric acid and calcium hydroxide? A. CaO B.CaCl2 C . CaH2 D. CaCl E. CaClH Answer B 4. 25What is the chemical formula of the salt enhanced by counteraction reception of Ehydrobromic acid with Mg(OH)2? A. MgBr B. Mg2Br3 C. Mg3Br2 D. Mg2Br E. MgBr2 Answer E 4. 26What is the chemical formula of the salt produced by counteraction of nitric acid M with Ca(OH)2? A. CaNO3 B. Ca2(NO3)3 C. Ca3(NO3)2 D. Ca2NO3 E. Ca(NO3)2 Answer E 4. 27What is the chemical formula of the salt produced by counteraction of sodium Mhydroxide with sulfuric acid? A. NaSO3 B. Na2(SO4)3 C. Na(SO4)2 D. Na2SO4 E. Na3SO4 Answer D 4. 8What is the chemical formula of the salt produced by neutralization of potassium M hydroxide (KOH) with sulfuric acid (H2SO4)? A. KSO3 B. K2(SO4)3 C. K2SO4 D. K(SO4)2 E. KSO4 Answer C 4. 29The oxidization effect of N in NaNO3 is M A. +6 B. +5 C. +3 D. 3 E. none of these Answer B 4. 30The oxidization number of S in K2SO4 is M A. +6 B. +4 C. +2 D. 1 E. none of these Answer A 4. 31The oxidization number of Mn in KMnO4 is M A. +8 B. +7 C. +5 D. 7 E. 8 Answer B 4. 32The oxidation number of Fe in K3Fe(CN)6 is H A. +3 B. +2 C. +1 D. 3 E. 4 Answer A 4. 3The oxidation number of Cr in Cr2O72 is H A. 12 B. 7 C. 2 D. +6 E. +7 Answer D 4. 34The oxidation number of Cl in ClO3- is H A. 1 B. +7 C. +5 D. +3 E. none of these Answer C 4. 35The oxidation number of Cl in ClO4- is H A. 1 B. +1 C. +3 D. +5 E. none of these Answer E 4. 36The maximum oxidation number of nitrogen is H A. +8 B. +5 C. +3 D. +1 E. 3 Answer B 4. 37The highest thinkable oxidation number of carbon is M A. +8 B. +6 C. +4 D. +2 E. 4 Answer C 4. 38Select the compound beneath in which sulfur has its highest possible oxidation number.H A. H2S B. SO2 C. Na2SO4 D. H2SO3 E. SCl2 Answer C 4. 39The oxidation number of N in N2H4 is M A. +4 B. 4 C. +2 D. 2 E. 0 Answer D 4. 40Which choice below gives the oxidation poetry for all lead fragments in Rb2SO3 Mcorrectly, and in the order shown in the formula? A. 2, +6, 2 B. 1, +4, 3 C. +2, +4, 2 D . +1, +4, 2 E. +1, +6, 6 Answer D 4. 41Which one of the following is a oxidoreduction chemical reaction? M A. H+(aq) + OH (aq) water supply(l) B. 2KBr(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) 2KNO3(aq) + PbBr2(s) C. CaBr2(aq) + H2SO4(aq) CaSO4(s) + 2HBr(g) D. Al(s) + 3H2SO4(aq) Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 3H2(g) E. CO32 + HSO4- HCO3- + SO42 Answer D 4. 42Which of the following reactions does non represent an oxidation- Mreduction reaction? A. 3Al + 6HCl 3H2 + AlCl3 B. 2water system 2H2 + O2 C. 2NaCl + Pb(NO3)2 PbCl2 + 3NaNO3 D. 2NaI + Br2 2NaBr + I2 Answer C 4. 43In the following reaction the oxidizing doer is H 5 weewee2 + 2MnO4- + 6H+ 2Mn2+ + 8 water + 5O2 A. H2O2 B. MnO4- C. H+ D. Mn2+ E. O2 Answer B 4. 44In the following reaction the oxidizing doer is H 5S + 6KNO3 + 2CaCO3 3K2SO4 + 2CaSO4 + carbonic acid gas + 3N2 A. S B. N2 C. KNO3 D. CaSO4 E. CaCO3Answer C 4. 45Identify the oxidizing mover in the following reaction H 2MnO4- + 5H2SO3 2Mn2+ + 5SO42 + 4H+ + 3H2O A. MnO4- B. H2SO3 C. Mn2+ D. SO42 E. H+ Answer A 4. 46Identify the lessen actor in the following reaction H 5Fe2+(aq) + MnO4-(aq) + 8H+(aq) 5Fe3+(aq) + Mn2+(aq) + 4H2O(l) A. Fe2+ B. MnO4- C. H+ D. Mn2+ E. Fe3+ Answer A 4. 47Identify the reduce agent in the following reaction. M Cd + NiO2 + 2H2O Cd(OH)2 + Ni(OH)2 A. Cd B. NiO2 C. H2O D. Cd(OH)2 E. Ni(OH)2 Answer A 4. 48What chemical component part is oxidized in the following reaction? M 3Cu + 8HNO3 ? Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O A. Cu B. H C. N D. O E. H2O Answer A 4. 49What element is oxidized in the following reaction? M Cd + NiO2 + 2H2O Cd(OH)2 + Ni(OH)2 A. Cd B. Ni C. O D. H Answer A 4. 50What element is oxidized in the following reaction? M H2SO4 + Cd(OH)2 2H2O + CdSO4 A. H B. S C. O D. Cd E. none of these Answer E 4. 51What element is cut down in the following reaction? M Cu + 2H2SO4 CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O A. Cu B. H C. S D. O E. H2O Answer C 4. 52Predict the products of the following displacement reaction. M Fe(s) + CuSO4(aq) A. CuS(s) + Fe2SO4(aq)B. Fe(s) + Cu(s) + SO4(aq) C. Cu(s) + FeSO4(aq) D. FeCuSO4 E. FeO(s) + CuSO3(aq) Answer C 4. 53 cop and equilibrise the following half-reaction. M ClO- + e- Cl- (basic solution) The equilibrize half-reaction will show which of the following A. devil hydroxide ions on the right side B. one electron on the left side C. six-spot H+ ions on the right side D. six H+ ions on the left side E. two water molecules on the left side Answer A 4. 54Complete and offset the following redox par. When oddmentd with Mwhole number coefficients, the coefficient of S is H2S + HNO3 S + NO (acidic solution) A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. E. 6 Answer C 4. 55When balanced, what is the coefficient of Sn in the par? M Sn + HNO3 SnO2 + NO2 + H2O (acidic solution) A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5 Answer A 4. 56Complete and balance the following redox reaction. What is the coefficient of H2O M when the par is balanced with the smallest whole number coefficients? MnO4- + SO32 Mn2+ + SO42 (acidic solution) A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 8 E. none of these Answer A 4. 57Complete and balance the following redox reaction. What is the coefficient of H2S Mwhen the equation is balanced with the hang of smallest whole numbers?H2S + MnO4- Mn2+ + SO42 (acidic solution) A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. 5 E. none of these Answer D 4. 58Complete and balance the following redox equation. What is the coefficient of H2O Mwhen the equation is balanced with the unbending of smallest whole numbers? MnO4- + I MnO2 + IO3- (basic solution) A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. 10 E. none of these Answer A 4. 59Complete and balance the following redox reaction. What is the coefficient of OH- Mwhen the equation is balanced with the tag of smallest whole numbers? MnO4- + I MnO2 + IO3- (basic solution) A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. 10 E. none of theseAnswer B 4. 60Complete and balance the following redox equation with the smallest set of whole- Mnumber coefficients. Now sum the coefficients of all species in the balanced equation. regain the coefficients equal to one. The sum of the coefficients is BrO3- (aq) + Sb3+(aq) Br (aq) + Sb5+(aq) (acidic solution) A. 4 B. 12 C. 13 D. 17 E. none of these Answer D 4. 61Complete and balance the following redox reaction with the smallest set of whole-number coefficients. M When correctly balanced the sum of all the coefficients in the equation will be (Recall, the absence of a coefficient is understood to be a 1)PbO2(s) + Cl- Pb2+ + Cl2(g) (acidic solution) A. 2 B. 4 C. 5 D. 9 E. 11 Answer E 4. 62Complete and balance the following redox equation with the smallest set of whole Mnumber coefficients possible. What is the sum of the coefficients? (Remember the coefficients equal to one. ) HI + HNO3 I2 + NO (acidic solution) A. 5 B. 7 C. 14 D. 17 E. none of these Answer D 4. 63Complete and balance the following redox equation with the smallest set of whole-number coefficients Mpossible. What is the sum of the coefficients? MnO4- + Br Mn2+ + Br2 (acidic solution) A. 6 B. 17 C. 1 D. 29 E. 43 Answer E Complete an d balance the following redox equation with the smallest set of whole-number coefficients Mpossible. What is the sum of the coefficients? Bi(OH)3 + SnO2 2 Bi + SnO32 (basic solution) A. 32 B. 25 C. 16 D. 13 E. none of these Answer D 4. 65Complete and balance the following redox equation with the smallest set of whole-number coefficients Mpossible. What is the sum of the coefficients? Br2 BrO3- + Br- (basic solution) A. 9 B. 12 C. 18 D. 21 E. none of these Answer C 4. 66Which of the following is a displacement reaction? E A. NaN3(s) 2Na(s) + 3N2(g) B. Fe2O3(s) + 2Al(s) 2Fe(s) + Al2O3(s) C. 3NO2(g) + H2O(l) 2HNO3(aq) + NO(g) D. 2P(s) + 3Cl2(g) 2PCl3(g) E. 2ZnS(s) + 3O2(g) 2ZnO(s) + 2SO2(g) Answer B 4. 67Which of the following is a halogen displacement reaction? E A. 2KBr(aq) + Cl2(g) 2KCl(aq) + Br2(l) B. 2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g) C. CaBr2(aq) + H2SO4(aq) CaSO4(s) + 2HBr(g) D. 2KNO3(s) 2KNO2(s) + O2(g) E. 2LiOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq) Li2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l) Answer A 4. 68W hich of the following is a precipitation reaction? M A. 2H2(g) + O2(g) 2H2O(l) B. CaBr2(aq) + H2SO4(aq) CaSO4(s) + 2HBr(g) C. KNO3(s) 2KNO2(s) + O2(g) D. 2KBr(aq) + Cl2(g) 2KCl(aq) + Br2(l) E. 2Al(s) + 3H2SO4(aq) Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 3H2(g) Answer B 4. 69Which of the following is an acid- al-Qaida neutralization reaction? E A. 2Al(s) + 3H2SO4(aq) Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 3H2(g) B. SO2(g) + H2O(l) H2SO3(g) C. LiOH(aq) + HNO3(aq) LiNO3(aq) + H2O(l) D. 2KBr(aq) + Cl2(g) 2KCl(aq) + Br2(l) E. CaBr2(aq) + H2SO4(aq) CaSO4(s) + 2HBr(g) Answer C 4. 7025. 0 mL of a 0. 175 M solution of KOH is reduce with pure water to a final Mvolume of 750. 0 mL. What is the final metre of the KOH solution? 0. 00583 M 0. 0163 M 0. 0333 M 0. 229 MAnswer A 4. 71Consider the solution reaction AlCl3 + 3AgNO3 3AgCl + Al(NO3)3. M What volume of 0. 100 M AlCl3 will scarce react with 55. 0 mL of 0. 162 M AgNO3? 89. 1 mL 9. 90 mL 46. 2 mL 29. 7 mL Answer D 4. 72What is the molarity of a solution in which 26. 0 grams of BaCl2 M(molar plug = 208. 2 g/mol) are disassembled in enough water to obligate 450. 0 mL of solution? 0. 278 M 0. 617 M 1. 00 M 3. 41 M Answer A 4. 73If 40. 0 mL of H2SO4 solution reacts with 0. 212 g of Na2CO3, what is the Mmolarity of the H2SO4 solution? Na2CO3 + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + CO2 + H2O 0. 50 M 0. 10 M 0. 20 M 0. 40 M 0. 050 M Answer E 4. 4What volume of 0. 122 M HCl would react with 26. 2 mL of 0. 176 M NaOH? M 37. 8 mL 18. 2 mL 5. 56 mL 26. 3 mL 75. 6 mL Answer A 4. 75 What is the oxidation number of N in NaNO3? M +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 Answer E 4. 76In the following reaction, which species is cosmos trim back? MFeBr3 + 3Cl2 2FeCl3 + 3Br2 A. the Cl in Cl2 B. the Fe in FeBr3 C. the Br in FeBr3 D. This is not a redox reaction. Answer A 4. 77 Which is the oxidation number of arsenic in K3AsO4? M +2 +3 +4 +5 +6 Answer D 4. 78In which of the compounds below is nitrogen in the +1 oxidation state? M A. N2O4 B. HNO3 C. N2 D. N2O E. none of these Answer D . 79 Which reaction below is NOT an oxidoreduction reaction? M CaCl2(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) CaCO3(s) + 2 NaCl(aq) 2 Na(s) + 2 H2O(l) 2 NaOH(aq) + H2(g) 2 H2(g) + O2(g) 2 H2O(g) Zn(s) + Cu(NO3)2(aq) Zn(NO3)2(aq) + Cu(s) Answer A 4. 80 Identify the oxidizing agent in the following reaction 2 Na(s) + H2(g) 2 NaH(s) M Na(s) NaH(s) H2(g) Answer C 4. 81Which of the following is the correct NET IONIC equation for the M neutralization of acetic acid (HAc) with Ca(OH)2? (Ac = acetate ion) 2 HAc + Ca(OH)2 CaAc2 + 2 H2O H+ + OH H2O HAc + OH Ac + H2O 2 H+ + Ca(OH)2 Ca2+ + 2 H2OAnswer C 4. 82 Which of the following is falsely classified? (Ac = acetate ion) E HAc / weak electrolyte HCl / strong electrolyte NaCl / strong electrolyte NaOH / weak electrolyte H2O / nonelectrolyte Answer D 4. 83Which of the following compounds are INCORRECTLY classified with obeisance to its solubility in water? M NaBr / soluble KCrO4 / insoluble MgCl2 / soluble AgCl / insoluble PbS / insoluble Answer B 4. 84 Which of these is a weak aci d? E HNO3 H2SO4 HBr HI H2S Answer E 4. 85Solutions of BaCl2(aq), Na2SO4(aq) and KNO3(aq) are mixed together. MWhat compound is likely to precipitate from the solution?NaNO3 Ba(NO3)2 BaSO4 KCl K2SO4 Answer C SHORT process QUESTIONS 4. 86Define solution, solute and solvent. E Answer A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more than imports. The substance present in a smaller amount is called the solute, while the substance present in the larger amount is called the solvent. 4. 87Identify each of the following compounds as an electrolyte or nonelectrolyte. E a. NaOH___________________ b. H2SO4___________________ c. methanol___________________ d. C12H22O11 (sucrose)___________________ e. MgCl2___________________ Answer a. electrolyte b. electrolyte c. onelectrolyte d. nonelectrolyte e. electrolyte 4. 88Identify each of the following compounds as a strong electrolyte, weak electrolyte, Eor non electrolyte. a. CH3OH (methanol)____________________ b. CH3COOH____________________ c. KNO3____________________ d. NH3____________________ e. NH4Cl____________________ Answer a. nonelectrolyte b. weak electrolyte c. strong electrolyte d. weak electrolyte e. strong electrolyte 4. 89Describe three situations or conditions in which a reaction will proceed to Mcompletion. Answer a. reactions in which a precipitate is organise b. reactions in which H2O is formed c. eactions in which a gas is formed 4. 90Define and illustrate with an event the difference between an electrolyte and Mnonelectrolyte. Answer (answers will vary) An electrolyte is a substance that will dissolve in water and break up into ions so the solution can conduct electricity. An example is sodium hydrogen carbonate. A nonelectrolyte is a substance that does not break up into ions when dissolved in water and the resulting solution does not conduct electricity. An example is sugar. 4. 91Define precipitate and illustrate with an example. E Answer A precipitate is an insoluble straightforward that separate s from a solution.CoCl2 (aq) + Na2CO3(aq) CoCO3 (s) + 2NaCl (aq) CoCO3 would be the precipitate in this reaction. 4. 92What are three characteristics of a base? E Answer a. Bases taste bitter. b. Bases feel slippery. c. Bases change change red litmus paper to blue. 4. 93What are three characteristics of an acid? E Answer a. Acids taste sour. b. Acids change blue litmus paper to red. c. Acids react with certain metals to produce hydrogen gas . 4. 94What kind of bonding is found in all salts? E Answer ionic 4. 95Give an example of a monoprotic acid, diprotic acid, and triprotic acid. E Answer (answers will vary) HNO3 , H2CO3 , H3PO4 . 96Write the net ionic equation for the following reaction. aqueous weigh (III) sulfate is E added to aqueous sodium sulfide to produce iron (III) sulfide square(a) and aqueous sodium sulfate. Answer 2Fe3+ (aq) + 3S2 (aq) Fe2S3 (s) 4. 97What is the oxidation number for each of the elements in the following compound? M Cs2Cr2O7 Answer Cs1+, Cr6+, O2 4. 98Identify the element being oxidized, the element being trim, the oxidizing Magent, and the reducing agent in the following reactions. 4Al + 3O2 2Al2O3 Answer Al is oxidizedO2 is reduced Al is the reducing agent O2 is the oxidizing agent . 99Identify the element being oxidized, the element being reduced, the oxidizing Magent, and the reducing agent in the following reactions. 2KBr + F2 ? Br2 + 2KF Answer Br is oxidized, F2 is reduced, KBr is the reducing agent, F2 is the oxidizing agent 4. 100What is the oxidation number for each of the elements in the following compound? M BaNaPO4 Answer Ba, +2 Na, +1 P, +5 O, -2 4. 101What is the oxidation number for each of the elements in the following compound? M K2TaF7 Answer K, +1 Ta, +5 F, -1 4. 102Thorium metal is ready by reacting thorium oxide with calcium. M ThO2 + 2Ca Th + 2CaOWhat substance is reduced? What is the reducing agent? What substance is oxidized? What is the oxidizing agent? Answer Th4+ is reduced, Ca is the reduc ing agent, Ca is oxidized, ThO4 is the oxidizing agent 4. 103Batteries in our cars pass electricity by the following chemical reaction. M Pb + PbO2 + 2H2SO4 2PbSO4 + 2H2O What substance is reduced? What is the reducing agent? What substance is oxidized? What is the oxidizing agent? Answer Pb4+ is reduced, Pb is the reducing agent, Pb is oxidized, PbO2 is the oxidizing agent 4. 104Describe the procedure use to make 3. 0 liters of a 2. M KCl solution, starting Hwith solid KCl. Answer a. get back the molar batch of KCl, which is 74. 55 g/mol. b. Weigh out 447. 3 g of KCl and dissolve to form exactly 3 liters of solution. 4. 105What is the molarity of a solution that contains 5. 0 moles of solute in 2. 00 liters of Esolution? Answer 2. 5 M 4. 106The solubility of Ba(NO3)2 is 130. 5 g per liter at 0C. How many moles of Hdissolved salt are present in 4. 0 L of a saturated solution of a Ba(NO3)2 containing 130. 5 g/L at 0C? Answer 2. 0 mol 4. 107What is the molar concentration of ions in a solution prepared by mixing M100 mL of 2. 0M KCl with 50 mL of a 1. M CaCl2 solution? Answer 4. 2 M 4. 108What volume of concentrated nitric acid (15. 0 M) is requisite to make 100 mL of a M3. 0 M nitric acid solution? Answer 20 mL 4. 109During a titration the following data were collected. A 10 mL ingredient of an Munknown solution was titrated with 1. 0 M NaOH. It required 40 mL of the base to neutralize the sample. (a) What is the molarity of the acid? (b) How many moles of acid are present in 2. 0 liters of this unknown solution? Answer a. 4 M b. 8 mol 4. 110If one light speed forty-five g of potassium nitrate were added to water to make 1500 mL of solution, Mwhat would be the molarity of the resulting solution?Answer . 956 M 4. 111During a titration the following data were collected. A 50 mL portion of an HCl Msolution was titrated with 0. 50 M NaOH. It required 200 mL of the base to neutralize the sample. How many grams of acid are present in 500 mL of this acid soluti on? Answer The acid is 2 M. 36. 5 g of HCl 4. 112Identify the Bronsted/Lowry acid in the following reaction. M NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OH- Answer H2O 4. 113Identify each of the following as any better or poor conductors of electricity. M a. CaSO4 b. Pb(C2H3O2)2 c. glacial acetic acid d. accelerator (C8H18)Answer a. good b. good c. poor d. poor 4. 114What is the substance acting as a Bronsted-Lowry acid in the following reaction. M HSO4- + NH4+ H2SO4 + NH3 Answer NH4+ 4. 115The water solution found in cells and in blood makes up approximately 80% of the mass of the human body. This solution has a concentration of 0. 21 M NaCl and has a density of 1 g/mL. How many pounds of salt are present in an 180 lb adult? Answer 1. 77 lbs (802. 5 g) TRUE-FALSE QUESTIONS 4. 116We balance chemical equations because they obey the law of explicit proportions. M Answer F 4. 17From the following equation, we can deduce that six hundred P4O10 molecules M would react with one hundred H2O molecules. P4O10( s) + 6H2O(l) 4H3PO4(aq) Answer F 4. 118The following equation is balanced. M Ca(NO3)2(aq) + H2SO4(aq) CaSO4(s) + 2HNO3(g) Answer T 4. 119Sugar dissolves in water, indeed it is a strong electrolyte. E Answer F 4. 120Silver chloride (AgCl) has an extremely low solubility in water therefore, it is a Eweak electrolyte. Answer F 4. 121Most compounds containing chlorides, bromides, and iodides are soluble except Ethose of Ag+, Hg, and Pb2+.Answer T 4. 122The following reaction is an acid-base neutralization reaction. E H2SO4(aq) + CaBr2(aq) CaSO4(s) + 2HBr(g) Answer F 4. 123The oxidation number of N in NO is +7. E Answer F 4. 124Hydrogen is oxidized in the following reaction. M H2 + Cl2 2HCl Answer T 4. 125The following equation is an example of a net ionic equation. M Na+ + Br- + Ag+ + NO3- AgBr(s) + Na+ + NO3- Answer F 4. 126The oxidation number of iodine increases by 6 in the following reaction. M 2MnO4- + I + H2O 2MnO2 + IO3- + 2OH- Answer TReview Chemistry Chapter 4CHAPTER 4 REACTIONS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 4. 1Which of the following compounds is a strong electrolyte? E A. H2O B. O2 C. H2SO4 D. C6H12O6 (glucose) E. CH3COOH (acetic acid) Answer C 4. 2Which of the following compounds is a strong electrolyte? E A. H2O B. N2 C. KOH D. C2H6O (ethanol) E. CH3COOH (acetic acid) Answer C 4. 3Which of the following compounds is a weak electrolyte? E A. HCl B. CH3COOH (acetic acid) C. C6H12O6 (glucose) D. O2 E. NaCl Answer B 4. 4Which of the following compounds is a weak electrolyte? E A. HCl B. NH3 C. C6H12O6 (glucose) D. N2 E. KClAnswer B 4. 5Which of the following compounds is a nonelectrolyte? E A. NaF B. HNO3 C. CH3COOH (acetic acid) D. NaOH E. C6H12O6 (glucose) Answer E 4. 6Which of the following compounds is a nonelectrolyte? E A. NaOH B. HNO3 C. CH3COOH (acetic acid) D. KF E. C2H6O (ethanol) Answer E 4. 7Identify the major ionic species present in an aqueous solution of NaNO3. M A. Na2+, NO3 B. Na+, N3 , O3 C. Na+, N3 -, O32 D. N a+, N+, O2 E. Na+, NO3 Answer E 4. 8Identify the major ionic species present in an aqueous solution of Ca(OH)2. E A. Ca2+, H+, O2 B. Ca2+, OH2- C. Ca+, H-, O2 D.Ca2+, O2H22 E. Ca2+, OH Answer E 4. 9The distinguishing characteristic of all electrolyte solutions is that they E A. contain molecules B. conduct electricity C. react with other solutions D. always contain acids E. conduct heat Answer B 4. 10According to the solubility rules, which one of the following compounds is insoluble Ein water? A. NaCl B. MgBr2 C. FeCl2 D. AgBr E. ZnCl2 Answer D 4. 11According to the solubility rules, which one of the following compounds is insoluble Ein water? A. Na2SO4 B. BaSO4 C. CuSO4 D. MgSO4 E. Rb2SO4 Answer B 4. 2According to the solubility rules, which one of the following compounds is insoluble Ein water? A. CaCO3 B. (NH4)2CO3 C. Na2CO3 D. K2CO3 E. KNO3 Answer A 4. 13According to the solubility rules, which one of the following is soluble in water? E A. Hg2Cl2 B. Na2S C. Ag2CO3 D. Ag2 S E. BaSO4 Answer B 4. 14According to the solubility rules, which one of the following is soluble in water? E A. AgBr B. AgCl C. Ag2CO3 D. AgNO3 E. Ag2S Answer D 4. 15According to the solubility rules, which one of the following is soluble in water? E A. (NH4)3PO4 B. Ca3(PO4)2 C. AlPO4 D.Ag3PO4 E. Mg3(PO4)2 Answer A 4. 16According to the solubility rules, which one of the following is soluble in water? E A. CaSO4 B. BaSO4 C. PbSO4 D. K2SO4 Answer D 4. 17In accordance with the solubility rules, which of the following will occur when Msolutions containing about 0. 1 g of Pb(NO3)2(aq) and KI(aq) /100 mL are mixed? A. KNO3 will precipitate Pb2+ and I- will be spectator ions. B. No precipitate will form. C. Pb(NO3)2 will precipitate K+ and I- will be spectator ions. D. PbI2 will precipitate K+ and NO3- will be spectator ions. E. Pb2+ and I- will be spectator ions, and PbI2 will precipitate.Read this Practice Test Chem 105Answer D 4. 18In accordance with the solubility rules, which of the following will occur when Msolutions of CuSO4(aq) and BaCl2(aq) are mixed? A. CuCl2 will precipitate Ba2+ and SO42 will be spectator ions. B. CuSO4 will precipitate Ba2+ and Cl will be spectator ions. C. BaSO4 will precipitate Cu2+ and Cl- will be spectator ions. D. BaCl2 will precipitate Cu2+ and SO42 will be spectator ions. E. No precipitate will form. Answer C 4. 19In accordance with the solubility rules, which of the following will occur when Msolutions of ZnSO4(aq) and MgCl2(aq) are mixed? A.ZnCl2 will precipitate Mg2+ and SO42 will be spectator ions. B. ZnSO4 will precipitate Mg2+ and Cl- will be spectator ions. C. MgSO4 will precipitate Zn2+ and Cl- will be spectator ions. D. MgCl2 will precipitate Zn2+ and SO42 will be spectator ions. E. No precipitate will form. Answer E 4. 20Which of the following is the correct net ionic equation for the reaction that occurs M when solutions of Pb(NO3)2 and NH4Cl are mixed? A. Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2NH4Cl(aq) NH4NO3(aq) + PbCl2(s) B. Pb2+ (aq) + 2Cl-(aq) PbCl2(s) C. Pb2+(aq) + 2NO3-(aq) + 2NH4+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq) 2NH4+(aq) + 2NO3-(aq) + PbCl2(s) D.NH4+(aq) + NO3-(aq) 2NH4NO3 Answer B 4. 21The common constituent in all acid solutions is M A. H2 B. H+ C. OH- D. H2SO4 E. Cl- Answer B 4. 22Identify the ions present in an aqueous solution of LiOH. E A. Li2+, O- , H- B. Li+, OH- C. LiO-, H+ D. Li+, O2 , H+ E. Li , OH+ Answer B 4. 23Identify the major ions present in an aqueous solution of HNO3. E A. HN+, O2 B. OH- , NO3- C. OH- , NO+ D. H+, N3-, O2 E. H+, NO3- Answer E 4. 24What choice gives the correct formula of the salt formed in the neutralization Ereaction of hydrochloric acid and calcium hydroxide? A. CaO B.CaCl2 C. CaH2 D. CaCl E. CaClH Answer B 4. 25What is the chemical formula of the salt produced by neutralization of Ehydrobromic acid with Mg(OH)2? A. MgBr B. Mg2Br3 C. Mg3Br2 D. Mg2Br E. MgBr2 Answer E 4. 26What is the chemical formula of the salt produced by neutralization of nitric acid M with Ca(OH)2? A. Ca NO3 B. Ca2(NO3)3 C. Ca3(NO3)2 D. Ca2NO3 E. Ca(NO3)2 Answer E 4. 27What is the chemical formula of the salt produced by neutralization of sodium Mhydroxide with sulfuric acid? A. NaSO3 B. Na2(SO4)3 C. Na(SO4)2 D. Na2SO4 E. Na3SO4 Answer D 4. 8What is the chemical formula of the salt produced by neutralization of potassium M hydroxide (KOH) with sulfuric acid (H2SO4)? A. KSO3 B. K2(SO4)3 C. K2SO4 D. K(SO4)2 E. KSO4 Answer C 4. 29The oxidation number of N in NaNO3 is M A. +6 B. +5 C. +3 D. 3 E. none of these Answer B 4. 30The oxidation number of S in K2SO4 is M A. +6 B. +4 C. +2 D. 1 E. none of these Answer A 4. 31The oxidation number of Mn in KMnO4 is M A. +8 B. +7 C. +5 D. 7 E. 8 Answer B 4. 32The oxidation number of Fe in K3Fe(CN)6 is H A. +3 B. +2 C. +1 D. 3 E. 4 Answer A 4. 3The oxidation number of Cr in Cr2O72 is H A. 12 B. 7 C. 2 D. +6 E. +7 Answer D 4. 34The oxidation number of Cl in ClO3- is H A. 1 B. +7 C. +5 D. +3 E. none of these Answer C 4. 35The oxidation numbe r of Cl in ClO4- is H A. 1 B. +1 C. +3 D. +5 E. none of these Answer E 4. 36The maximum oxidation number of nitrogen is H A. +8 B. +5 C. +3 D. +1 E. 3 Answer B 4. 37The highest possible oxidation number of carbon is M A. +8 B. +6 C. +4 D. +2 E. 4 Answer C 4. 38Select the compound below in which sulfur has its highest possible oxidation number.H A. H2S B. SO2 C. Na2SO4 D. H2SO3 E. SCl2 Answer C 4. 39The oxidation number of N in N2H4 is M A. +4 B. 4 C. +2 D. 2 E. 0 Answer D 4. 40Which choice below gives the oxidation numbers for all three elements in Rb2SO3 Mcorrectly, and in the order shown in the formula? A. 2, +6, 2 B. 1, +4, 3 C. +2, +4, 2 D. +1, +4, 2 E. +1, +6, 6 Answer D 4. 41Which one of the following is a redox reaction? M A. H+(aq) + OH (aq) H2O(l) B. 2KBr(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) 2KNO3(aq) + PbBr2(s) C. CaBr2(aq) + H2SO4(aq) CaSO4(s) + 2HBr(g) D. Al(s) + 3H2SO4(aq) Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 3H2(g) E. CO32 + HSO4- HCO3- + SO42 Answer D 4. 42Which of the following reactio ns does not represent an oxidation- Mreduction reaction? A. 3Al + 6HCl 3H2 + AlCl3 B. 2H2O 2H2 + O2 C. 2NaCl + Pb(NO3)2 PbCl2 + 3NaNO3 D. 2NaI + Br2 2NaBr + I2 Answer C 4. 43In the following reaction the oxidizing agent is H 5H2O2 + 2MnO4- + 6H+ 2Mn2+ + 8H2O + 5O2 A. H2O2 B. MnO4- C. H+ D. Mn2+ E. O2 Answer B 4. 44In the following reaction the oxidizing agent is H 5S + 6KNO3 + 2CaCO3 3K2SO4 + 2CaSO4 + CO2 + 3N2 A. S B. N2 C. KNO3 D. CaSO4 E. CaCO3Answer C 4. 45Identify the oxidizing agent in the following reaction H 2MnO4- + 5H2SO3 2Mn2+ + 5SO42 + 4H+ + 3H2O A. MnO4- B. H2SO3 C. Mn2+ D. SO42 E. H+ Answer A 4. 46Identify the reducing agent in the following reaction H 5Fe2+(aq) + MnO4-(aq) + 8H+(aq) 5Fe3+(aq) + Mn2+(aq) + 4H2O(l) A. Fe2+ B. MnO4- C. H+ D. Mn2+ E. Fe3+ Answer A 4. 47Identify the reducing agent in the following reaction. M Cd + NiO2 + 2H2O Cd(OH)2 + Ni(OH)2 A. Cd B. NiO2 C. H2O D. Cd(OH)2 E. Ni(OH)2 Answer A 4. 48What element is oxidized in the following reac tion? M 3Cu + 8HNO3 ? Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O A. Cu B. H C. N D. O E. H2O Answer A 4. 49What element is oxidized in the following reaction? M Cd + NiO2 + 2H2O Cd(OH)2 + Ni(OH)2 A. Cd B. Ni C. O D. H Answer A 4. 50What element is oxidized in the following reaction? M H2SO4 + Cd(OH)2 2H2O + CdSO4 A. H B. S C. O D. Cd E. none of these Answer E 4. 51What element is reduced in the following reaction? M Cu + 2H2SO4 CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O A. Cu B. H C. S D. O E. H2O Answer C 4. 52Predict the products of the following displacement reaction. M Fe(s) + CuSO4(aq) A. CuS(s) + Fe2SO4(aq)B. Fe(s) + Cu(s) + SO4(aq) C. Cu(s) + FeSO4(aq) D. FeCuSO4 E. FeO(s) + CuSO3(aq) Answer C 4. 53Complete and balance the following half-reaction. M ClO- + e- Cl- (basic solution) The balanced half-reaction will show which of the following A. two hydroxide ions on the right side B. one electron on the left side C. six H+ ions on the right side D. six H+ ions on the left side E. two water molecules on the left side A nswer A 4. 54Complete and balance the following redox equation. When balanced with Mwhole number coefficients, the coefficient of S is H2S + HNO3 S + NO (acidic solution) A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. E. 6 Answer C 4. 55When balanced, what is the coefficient of Sn in the equation? M Sn + HNO3 SnO2 + NO2 + H2O (acidic solution) A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5 Answer A 4. 56Complete and balance the following redox reaction. What is the coefficient of H2O M when the equation is balanced with the smallest whole number coefficients? MnO4- + SO32 Mn2+ + SO42 (acidic solution) A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 8 E. none of these Answer A 4. 57Complete and balance the following redox reaction. What is the coefficient of H2S Mwhen the equation is balanced with the set of smallest whole numbers?H2S + MnO4- Mn2+ + SO42 (acidic solution) A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. 5 E. none of these Answer D 4. 58Complete and balance the following redox equation. What is the coefficient of H2O Mwhen the equation is balanced with the set of smalles t whole numbers? MnO4- + I MnO2 + IO3- (basic solution) A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. 10 E. none of these Answer A 4. 59Complete and balance the following redox reaction. What is the coefficient of OH- Mwhen the equation is balanced with the set of smallest whole numbers? MnO4- + I MnO2 + IO3- (basic solution) A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. 10 E. none of theseAnswer B 4. 60Complete and balance the following redox equation with the smallest set of whole- Mnumber coefficients. Now sum the coefficients of all species in the balanced equation. Remember the coefficients equal to one. The sum of the coefficients is BrO3- (aq) + Sb3+(aq) Br (aq) + Sb5+(aq) (acidic solution) A. 4 B. 12 C. 13 D. 17 E. none of these Answer D 4. 61Complete and balance the following redox reaction with the smallest set of whole-number coefficients. M When correctly balanced the sum of all the coefficients in the equation will be (Recall, the absence of a coefficient is understood to be a 1)PbO2(s) + Cl- Pb2+ + Cl2(g) (acidic sol ution) A. 2 B. 4 C. 5 D. 9 E. 11 Answer E 4. 62Complete and balance the following redox equation with the smallest set of whole Mnumber coefficients possible. What is the sum of the coefficients? (Remember the coefficients equal to one. ) HI + HNO3 I2 + NO (acidic solution) A. 5 B. 7 C. 14 D. 17 E. none of these Answer D 4. 63Complete and balance the following redox equation with the smallest set of whole-number coefficients Mpossible. What is the sum of the coefficients? MnO4- + Br Mn2+ + Br2 (acidic solution) A. 6 B. 17 C. 1 D. 29 E. 43 Answer E Complete and balance the following redox equation with the smallest set of whole-number coefficients Mpossible. What is the sum of the coefficients? Bi(OH)3 + SnO2 2 Bi + SnO32 (basic solution) A. 32 B. 25 C. 16 D. 13 E. none of these Answer D 4. 65Complete and balance the following redox equation with the smallest set of whole-number coefficients Mpossible. What is the sum of the coefficients? Br2 BrO3- + Br- (basic solution) A. 9 B. 12 C. 18 D. 21 E. none of these Answer C 4. 66Which of the following is a displacement reaction? E A. NaN3(s) 2Na(s) + 3N2(g) B. Fe2O3(s) + 2Al(s) 2Fe(s) + Al2O3(s) C. 3NO2(g) + H2O(l) 2HNO3(aq) + NO(g) D. 2P(s) + 3Cl2(g) 2PCl3(g) E. 2ZnS(s) + 3O2(g) 2ZnO(s) + 2SO2(g) Answer B 4. 67Which of the following is a halogen displacement reaction? E A. 2KBr(aq) + Cl2(g) 2KCl(aq) + Br2(l) B. 2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g) C. CaBr2(aq) + H2SO4(aq) CaSO4(s) + 2HBr(g) D. 2KNO3(s) 2KNO2(s) + O2(g) E. 2LiOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq) Li2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l) Answer A 4. 68Which of the following is a precipitation reaction? M A. 2H2(g) + O2(g) 2H2O(l) B. CaBr2(aq) + H2SO4(aq) CaSO4(s) + 2HBr(g) C. KNO3(s) 2KNO2(s) + O2(g) D. 2KBr(aq) + Cl2(g) 2KCl(aq) + Br2(l) E. 2Al(s) + 3H2SO4(aq) Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 3H2(g) Answer B 4. 69Which of the following is an acid-base neutralization reaction? E A. 2Al(s) + 3H2SO4(aq) Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 3H2(g) B. SO2(g) + H2O(l) H2SO3(g) C. LiOH(aq) + HNO3(aq) LiNO3(aq ) + H2O(l) D. 2KBr(aq) + Cl2(g) 2KCl(aq) + Br2(l) E. CaBr2(aq) + H2SO4(aq) CaSO4(s) + 2HBr(g) Answer C 4. 7025. 0 mL of a 0. 175 M solution of KOH is diluted with pure water to a final Mvolume of 750. 0 mL. What is the final molarity of the KOH solution? 0. 00583 M 0. 0163 M 0. 0333 M 0. 229 MAnswer A 4. 71Consider the solution reaction AlCl3 + 3AgNO3 3AgCl + Al(NO3)3. M What volume of 0. 100 M AlCl3 will exactly react with 55. 0 mL of 0. 162 M AgNO3? 89. 1 mL 9. 90 mL 46. 2 mL 29. 7 mL Answer D 4. 72What is the molarity of a solution in which 26. 0 grams of BaCl2 M(molar mass = 208. 2 g/mol) are dissolved in enough water to make 450. 0 mL of solution? 0. 278 M 0. 617 M 1. 00 M 3. 41 M Answer A 4. 73If 40. 0 mL of H2SO4 solution reacts with 0. 212 g of Na2CO3, what is the Mmolarity of the H2SO4 solution? Na2CO3 + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + CO2 + H2O 0. 50 M 0. 10 M 0. 20 M 0. 40 M 0. 050 M Answer E 4. 4What volume of 0. 122 M HCl would react with 26. 2 mL of 0. 176 M NaOH? M 37. 8 mL 18. 2 mL 5. 56 mL 26. 3 mL 75. 6 mL Answer A 4. 75 What is the oxidation number of N in NaNO3? M +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 Answer E 4. 76In the following reaction, which species is being reduced? MFeBr3 + 3Cl2 2FeCl3 + 3Br2 A. the Cl in Cl2 B. the Fe in FeBr3 C. the Br in FeBr3 D. This is not a redox reaction. Answer A 4. 77 Which is the oxidation number of arsenic in K3AsO4? M +2 +3 +4 +5 +6 Answer D 4. 78In which of the compounds below is nitrogen in the +1 oxidation state? M A. N2O4 B. HNO3 C. N2 D. N2O E. none of these Answer D . 79 Which reaction below is NOT an oxidation-reduction reaction? M CaCl2(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) CaCO3(s) + 2 NaCl(aq) 2 Na(s) + 2 H2O(l) 2 NaOH(aq) + H2(g) 2 H2(g) + O2(g) 2 H2O(g) Zn(s) + Cu(NO3)2(aq) Zn(NO3)2(aq) + Cu(s) Answer A 4. 80 Identify the oxidizing agent in the following reaction 2 Na(s) + H2(g) 2 NaH(s) M Na(s) NaH(s) H2(g) Answer C 4. 81Which of the following is the correct NET IONIC equation for the M neutralization of acetic acid (HAc) with Ca(OH)2? (Ac = acetate ion) 2 HAc + Ca(OH)2 CaAc2 + 2 H2O H+ + OH H2O HAc + OH Ac + H2O 2 H+ + Ca(OH)2 Ca2+ + 2 H2OAnswer C 4. 82 Which of the following is INCORRECTLY classified? (Ac = acetate ion) E HAc / weak electrolyte HCl / strong electrolyte NaCl / strong electrolyte NaOH / weak electrolyte H2O / nonelectrolyte Answer D 4. 83Which of the following compounds are INCORRECTLY classified with respect to its solubility in water? M NaBr / soluble KCrO4 / insoluble MgCl2 / soluble AgCl / insoluble PbS / insoluble Answer B 4. 84 Which of these is a weak acid? E HNO3 H2SO4 HBr HI H2S Answer E 4. 85Solutions of BaCl2(aq), Na2SO4(aq) and KNO3(aq) are mixed together. MWhat compound is likely to precipitate from the solution?NaNO3 Ba(NO3)2 BaSO4 KCl K2SO4 Answer C SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS 4. 86Define solution, solute and solvent. E Answer A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. The substance present in a smaller amount is called the solute, while the substance present in the larger amount is called the solvent. 4. 87Identify each of the following compounds as an electrolyte or nonelectrolyte. E a. NaOH___________________ b. H2SO4___________________ c. methanol___________________ d. C12H22O11 (sucrose)___________________ e. MgCl2___________________ Answer a. electrolyte b. electrolyte c. onelectrolyte d. nonelectrolyte e. electrolyte 4. 88Identify each of the following compounds as a strong electrolyte, weak electrolyte, Eor non electrolyte. a. CH3OH (methanol)____________________ b. CH3COOH____________________ c. KNO3____________________ d. NH3____________________ e. NH4Cl____________________ Answer a. nonelectrolyte b. weak electrolyte c. strong electrolyte d. weak electrolyte e. strong electrolyte 4. 89Describe three situations or conditions in which a reaction will proceed to Mcompletion. Answer a. reactions in which a precipitate is formed b. reactions in which H2O is formed c. eactions in which a gas is formed 4. 90Define and illustrate with an ex ample the difference between an electrolyte and Mnonelectrolyte. Answer (answers will vary) An electrolyte is a substance that will dissolve in water and break up into ions so the solution can conduct electricity. An example is Sodium hydrogen carbonate. A nonelectrolyte is a substance that does not break up into ions when dissolved in water and the resulting solution does not conduct electricity. An example is sugar. 4. 91Define precipitate and illustrate with an example. E Answer A precipitate is an insoluble solid that separates from a solution.CoCl2 (aq) + Na2CO3(aq) CoCO3 (s) + 2NaCl (aq) CoCO3 would be the precipitate in this reaction. 4. 92What are three characteristics of a base? E Answer a. Bases taste bitter. b. Bases feel slippery. c. Bases change change red litmus paper to blue. 4. 93What are three characteristics of an acid? E Answer a. Acids taste sour. b. Acids change blue litmus paper to red. c. Acids react with certain metals to produce hydrogen gas . 4. 94What kin d of bonding is found in all salts? E Answer ionic 4. 95Give an example of a monoprotic acid, diprotic acid, and triprotic acid. E Answer (answers will vary) HNO3 , H2CO3 , H3PO4 . 96Write the net ionic equation for the following reaction. Aqueous iron (III) sulfate is E added to aqueous sodium sulfide to produce iron (III) sulfide solid and aqueous sodium sulfate. Answer 2Fe3+ (aq) + 3S2 (aq) Fe2S3 (s) 4. 97What is the oxidation number for each of the elements in the following compound? M Cs2Cr2O7 Answer Cs1+, Cr6+, O2 4. 98Identify the element being oxidized, the element being reduced, the oxidizing Magent, and the reducing agent in the following reactions. 4Al + 3O2 2Al2O3 Answer Al is oxidizedO2 is reduced Al is the reducing agent O2 is the oxidizing agent . 99Identify the element being oxidized, the element being reduced, the oxidizing Magent, and the reducing agent in the following reactions. 2KBr + F2 ? Br2 + 2KF Answer Br is oxidized, F2 is reduced, KBr is the reducing agent, F2 is the oxidizing agent 4. 100What is the oxidation number for each of the elements in the following compound? M BaNaPO4 Answer Ba, +2 Na, +1 P, +5 O, -2 4. 101What is the oxidation number for each of the elements in the following compound? M K2TaF7 Answer K, +1 Ta, +5 F, -1 4. 102Thorium metal is prepared by reacting thorium oxide with calcium. M ThO2 + 2Ca Th + 2CaOWhat substance is reduced? What is the reducing agent? What substance is oxidized? What is the oxidizing agent? Answer Th4+ is reduced, Ca is the reducing agent, Ca is oxidized, ThO4 is the oxidizing agent 4. 103Batteries in our cars generate electricity by the following chemical reaction. M Pb + PbO2 + 2H2SO4 2PbSO4 + 2H2O What substance is reduced? What is the reducing agent? What substance is oxidized? What is the oxidizing agent? Answer Pb4+ is reduced, Pb is the reducing agent, Pb is oxidized, PbO2 is the oxidizing agent 4. 104Describe the procedure used to make 3. 0 liters of a 2. M KCl solution, start ing Hwith solid KCl. Answer a. Determine the molar mass of KCl, which is 74. 55 g/mol. b. Weigh out 447. 3 g of KCl and dissolve to form exactly 3 liters of solution. 4. 105What is the molarity of a solution that contains 5. 0 moles of solute in 2. 00 liters of Esolution? Answer 2. 5 M 4. 106The solubility of Ba(NO3)2 is 130. 5 g per liter at 0C. How many moles of Hdissolved salt are present in 4. 0 L of a saturated solution of a Ba(NO3)2 containing 130. 5 g/L at 0C? Answer 2. 0 mol 4. 107What is the molar concentration of ions in a solution prepared by mixing M100 mL of 2. 0M KCl with 50 mL of a 1. M CaCl2 solution? Answer 4. 2 M 4. 108What volume of concentrated nitric acid (15. 0 M) is required to make 100 mL of a M3. 0 M nitric acid solution? Answer 20 mL 4. 109During a titration the following data were collected. A 10 mL portion of an Munknown solution was titrated with 1. 0 M NaOH. It required 40 mL of the base to neutralize the sample. (a) What is the molarity of the acid? (b ) How many moles of acid are present in 2. 0 liters of this unknown solution? Answer a. 4 M b. 8 mol 4. 110If 145 g of potassium nitrate were added to water to make 1500 mL of solution, Mwhat would be the molarity of the resulting solution?Answer . 956 M 4. 111During a titration the following data were collected. A 50 mL portion of an HCl Msolution was titrated with 0. 50 M NaOH. It required 200 mL of the base to neutralize the sample. How many grams of acid are present in 500 mL of this acid solution? Answer The acid is 2 M. 36. 5 g of HCl 4. 112Identify the Bronsted/Lowry acid in the following reaction. M NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OH- Answer H2O 4. 113Identify each of the following as either good or poor conductors of electricity. M a. CaSO4 b. Pb(C2H3O2)2 c. glacial acetic acid d. gasoline (C8H18)Answer a. good b. good c. poor d. poor 4. 114What is the substance acting as a Bronsted-Lowry acid in the following reaction. M HSO4- + NH4+ H2SO4 + NH3 Answer NH4+ 4. 115The water solution fou nd in cells and in blood makes up approximately 80% of the mass of the human body. This solution has a concentration of 0. 21 M NaCl and has a density of 1 g/mL. How many pounds of salt are present in an 180 lb adult? Answer 1. 77 lbs (802. 5 g) TRUE-FALSE QUESTIONS 4. 116We balance chemical equations because they obey the law of definite proportions. M Answer F 4. 17From the following equation, we can deduce that six hundred P4O10 molecules M would react with one hundred H2O molecules. P4O10(s) + 6H2O(l) 4H3PO4(aq) Answer F 4. 118The following equation is balanced. M Ca(NO3)2(aq) + H2SO4(aq) CaSO4(s) + 2HNO3(g) Answer T 4. 119Sugar dissolves in water, therefore it is a strong electrolyte. E Answer F 4. 120Silver chloride (AgCl) has an extremely low solubility in water therefore, it is a Eweak electrolyte. Answer F 4. 121Most compounds containing chlorides, bromides, and iodides are soluble except Ethose of Ag+, Hg, and Pb2+.Answer T 4. 122The following reaction is an acid-base ne utralization reaction. E H2SO4(aq) + CaBr2(aq) CaSO4(s) + 2HBr(g) Answer F 4. 123The oxidation number of N in NO is +7. E Answer F 4. 124Hydrogen is oxidized in the following reaction. M H2 + Cl2 2HCl Answer T 4. 125The following equation is an example of a net ionic equation. M Na+ + Br- + Ag+ + NO3- AgBr(s) + Na+ + NO3- Answer F 4. 126The oxidation number of iodine increases by 6 in the following reaction. M 2MnO4- + I + H2O 2MnO2 + IO3- + 2OH- Answer T