DH Lawrence’s The Rocking Horse Winner Essay

Tormented family relationships stem from a number of occurrences. Jealousy, death, abuse, and many other factors can stress relationships to the point of demise. They can often originate from an individual’s character and personality, or further affect it. Much of Lawrence’s writing contains the common theme of tormented family relationships. This theme can be seen in the short story The Rocking-Horse Winner through: â€Å"the terrible mother† Hester, â€Å"the anti-wise man† Oscar Cresswell, and â€Å"the sacrificial scapegoat† Paul. Hester is portrayed as cold and shallow, accurately demonstrating the terrible mother archetype. Thus, she is a perfect example of the theme of tormented family relationships, present in the short story The Rocking-Horse Winner. When the authour describes what, â€Å"Everyone else said of her: ‘She is such a good mother. She adores her children.’ Only she knew herself and her children themselves this was not so† (Lawrence 19). Hester’s character is simply more concerned with wealth and her social image than her own children. She is very corrupted by society, and what society thinks of her. As a result of this, she neglects her children, and pays little attention to their needs. Hester proves to fit the terrible mother archetype, and this shows the present theme of tormented family relationships. Also, Hester’s brother, Oscar Cresswell, advances the theme of tormented relationships by portraying the â€Å"anti-old man† archetype. It is evident that jealousy and family issues are present based on Oscar’s relationships with both his nephew Paul, and his sister Hester. The authour explains, â€Å"The Uncle was delighted to find that his small nephew was posted with all the racing news† (Lawrence 22). Oscar inherited the family fortune, as Hester was left with her husband to depend on. Oscar does make an effort to help Hester’s financial situation, although he is also very concerned with wealth and social status, neglecting to realize the near trouble Paul is faced with. Oscar uses his nephew, by exploiting Paul’s â€Å"gift† for his own personal wealth, while Hester is struggling to meet her own desires. Oscar is portrayed as the opposite of a saviour, and more as a selfish man. This character archetype further proves the theme of tormented family relationships in the story. As well, Paul, Hester’s son and Oscar’s nephew, is the young protagonist, who is searching for â€Å"luck†, but proves to be the â€Å"sacrificial scapegoat†, further proving the present theme. Neglected by his own mother, Paul is desperately trying to get her approval and her love. This is shown in the short story when Paul asks, â€Å"Do you think I’m lucky mother? I knew Malabar, didn’t I? Over eighty thousand pounds! I call that lucky, don’t you mother† (Lawrence 33)? Even on Paul’s deathbed, he is desperately scrambling to finally get his mother’s approval. His luck ran out, and his quest as a hero was not fulfilled. Paul simply wanted to be enough for his mother. To finally prove himself, and win her love. His character can be classified as the â€Å"sacrificial scapegoat† archetype. Paul’s desperate attempt for his mother’s love proves the theme of tormented family relationships present in this story. Through the character archetypes of Hester, Paul, and Oscar Cresswell, the theme of tormented family relationships is proved to be shown in many aspects of the short story The Rocking-Horse Winner. Hester’s lack of care and compassion towards her children, Oscar’s greed, and Paul’s desperate attempt to prove himself to his mother, are only a few examples of this clear theme. This theme is not only present in the story, but in the lives of many. These tormented family relationships are often looked over, rather than interpreted as a part of an individual’s personality.

Earle Spencer Eulogy Essay

I stand before you today, the representative of a family in grief, in a country in mourning before a world in shock. We are all united not only in our desire to pay our respects to Diana but rather in our need to do so. For such was her extraordinary appeal that the tens of millions of people taking part in this service all over the world via television and radio who never actually met her, feel that they, too, lost someone close to them in the early hours of Sunday morning. It is a more remarkable tribute to Diana than I can ever hope to offer her today. Diana was the very essence of compassion, of duty, of style, of beauty. All over the world she was a symbol of selfless humanity, a standard-bearer for the rights of the truly downtrodden, a very British girl who — who transcended nationality, someone with a natural nobility who was classless, and who proved in the last year that she needed no royal title to continue to generate her particular brand of magic. Today is our chance to say â€Å"thank you† for the way you brightened our lives, even though God granted you but half a life. We will all feel cheated, always, that you were taken from us so young and yet we must learn to be grateful that you came along at all. Only now you are gone do we truly appreciate what we are now without and we want you to know that life without you is very, very difficult. We have all despaired at our loss over the past week and only the strength of the message you gave us through your years of giving has afforded us the strength to move forward. There is a temptation to rush to canonize your memory. There is no need to do so. You stand tall enough as a human being of unique qualities not to need to be seen as a saint. Indeed to sanctify your memory would be to miss out on the very core of your being, your wonderfully mischievous sense of humor with a laugh that bent you double, your joy for life transmitted wherever you took your smile, and the spar kle in those unforgettable eyes, your boundless energy which you could barely contain. But your greatest gift was your intuition, and it was a gift you used wisely. This is what underpinned all your other wonderful attributes. And if we look to analyze what it was about you that had such a wide appeal, we find it in your instinctive feel for what was really important in all our lives. Without your God-given sensitivity, we would be immersed in greater ignorance at the anguish of AIDS and HIV sufferers, the plight of the homeless, the isolation of lepers, the random destruction of land mines. Diana explained to me once that it was her innermost feelings of  suffering that made it possible for her to connect with her constituency of the rejected. And here we come to another truth about her. For all the status, the glamour, the applause, Diana remained throughout a very insecure person at heart, almost childlike in her desire to do good for others so she could release herself from deep feelings of unworthiness of which her eating disorders were merely a symptom. The world sensed this part of her character and cherished her for her vulnerability, whilst admiring her for her honesty. The last time I saw Diana was on July the first, her birthday, in London, when typically she was not taking time to celebrate her special day with friends but was guest of honor at a fund-raising charity evening. She sparkled of course, but I would rather cherish the days I spent with her in March when she came to visit me and my children in our home in South Africa. I am proud of the fact that apart from when she was on public display meeting President Mandela, we managed to contrive to stop the ever-present paparazzi from getting a single picture of her. That meant a lot to her. These were days I will always treasure. It was as if we had been transported back to our childhood, when we spent such an enormous amount of time together, the two youngest in the family. Fundamentally she hadn’t changed at all from the big sister who mothered me as a baby, fought with me at school, and endured those long train journeys between our parents’ homes with me at weekends. It is a tribute to her level-headedness and strength that despite the most bizarre life imaginable after her childhood, she remained intact, true to herself. There is no doubt that she was looking for a new direction in her life at this time. She talked endlessly of getting away from England, mainly because of the treatment that she received at the hands of the newspapers. I don’t think she ever understood why her genuinely good intentions were sneered at by the media, why there appeared to be a permanent quest on their behalf to bring her down. It is baffling. My own, and only, explanation is that genuine goodness is threatening to those at the opposite end of the moral spectrum. It is a point to remember that of all the ironies about Diana, perhaps the greatest was this: a girl given the name of the ancient goddess of hunting was, in the end, the most hunted person of the modern age. She would want us today to pledge ourselves to protecting her beloved boys, William and Harr y, from a similar fate. And I do this here, Diana, on your behalf. We will not allow them to  suffer the anguish that used regularly to drive you to tearful despair. And beyond that, on behalf of your mother and sisters, I pledge that we, your blood family, will do all we can to continue the imaginative and loving way in which you were steering these two exceptional young men, so that their souls are not simply immersed by duty and tradition but can sing openly as you planned. We fully respect the heritage into which they have both been born, and will always respect and encourage them in their royal role. But we, like you, recognize the need for them to experience as many different aspects of life as possible, to arm them spiritually and emotionally for the years ahead. I know you would have expected nothing less from us. William and Harry, we all care desperately for you today. We are all chewed up with sadness at the loss of a woman who wasn’t even our mother. How great your suffering is we cannot even imagine. I would like to end by thanking God for the small mercies He’s shown us at this dreadful time; for taking Diana at her most beautiful and radiant and when she had joy in her private life. Above all, we give thanks for the life of a woman I’m so proud to be able to call my sister: the unique, the complex, the extraordinary and irreplaceable Diana, whose beauty, both internal and external, will never be extinguished from our minds.

Enta

Are entrepreneurs born or created? New Zealand needs more successful entrepreneurs and much thought has been given to how that may be encouraged. C an we create entrepreneurs? Is the ability to see a business opportunity and take the risks necessary to exploit it endowed by nature or is it a result of nurture? I had always thought it was nurture. But recently I learnt more about my own family history and it made me question whether genetics has a bigger influence than I thought.My Hillock ancestors can be traced back eight generations to Edward Hillock who was born in 1687 and lived in the small Essex village of Shades. He was a carpenter and commercial property owner (leasing out the land and building occupied by one of the village's many public houses). That combination of being self-employed and owning property has since been shared by eight generations of Hillock men spread over more than 300 years. During that time there have been carpenters, farmers, millers, a brewer (Hillocks Karol Ale was popular in the sass) ND a pioneer developer of New Zealand farmland.Perhaps something in our shared genes encouraged this strong legacy of enterprise? To find out more I read Danish writer Lone Franks 2012 book My Beautiful Genome. She summarizes the 52 NOVEMBER 2013 latest research on how our genes influence our health and behavior. Among many issues, she discusses the L variant of the MAO gene, which has been linked with aggression. This variant is known as the â€Å"warrior gene† and is carried by an unusually high proportion of male prison inmates. Most men who carry the warrior gene are not, however, involved in crime.It seems to influence different people in different ways. Carriers of the MAO-L gene appear more willing to take risks in general while also being better at assessing their chance of success in high-pressure situations. That's useful in battle but the gene also seems to influence characteristics that favor entrepreneurship. A California Insti tute of Technology study in 2010 tested this possibility in a financial simulation. The 83 men tested had to choose between a safe option and various other options which offered higher risks along with a range of identically higher returns. .. It seems more likely that a shared family culture and perhaps resources handed down from one generation to the next is what sustains these family traditions of business success The men carrying the MAO-L gene were much more likely to take financial risks but only where the odds were in their favor – they were good at assessing risk while also being prepared to take on the risk to generate the return. Those men who did not carry the MAO-L gene typically chose the lower risk and lower return option and were tryingly averse to any potential downside.This research shows there could be a genetic influence on entrepreneurship – at least in Menlo . The warrior gene (perhaps in time it will also be called the â€Å"entrepreneur geneâ₠¬ ) cannot, however, explain multiple generations of fathers and sons starting and running businesses. That's because the MAO gene is linked to the X-chromosome. Men inherit their single copy of the gene from their mother, not their father. Around one-third of all men of European descent carry the MAO-L variant so there is still a good chance that several f my male ancestors carried it, or that I carry it today.With the rapid advances being made in genetic research it is possible that some other gene will be linked with entrepreneurship and help explain why some families (including the Hillocks) have such strong records of entrepreneurship. But unless that occurs it seems more likely that a shared family culture and perhaps resources handed down from one generation to the next is what sustains these family traditions of business success. Lone Frank explains that the expression of many genes is influenced by such environmental factors.It appears that aggressive outcomes for those ca rrying the MAO-L gene are triggered by conditions such as mothers who smoke or drink during pregnancy or childhood trauma. In a different and more positive environment the gene variant could influence business success. Such an environment would of course also encourage success in those without the MAO-L gene. While there is evidence that some people have greater natural affinity for entrepreneurship it is likely that it is the environment in which people live or work that has the greatest influence.For now we can't alter our genes but we can create the environment in which more people are encouraged to set up new businesses and be more likely to succeed. . I am not aware of any similar research done on women who carry the MAO-L variant John Hillock is Director at Absolute Certainty Ltd. He can be contacted at [email  protected] Com Plan your success in the CA Program with our comprehensive PREP Workshops and Exam Coaching dad Leaders in accounting education Pass your exams and bec ome a chartered accountant in 2014! See preparers. Co. NZ Daniel hunt

How Google Chooses Employees Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

How Google Chooses Employees - Essay Example    The case under discussion focuses on the hiring practices in use at Google along with the evolution of such practices given Google’s dynamic work environment. Google’s burgeoning structure mandates that around 200 people need to be hired every week out of a pool of around 100,000 people. Fitting criteria needs to be utilized in order to hire the best possible choices for Google. Google needs to better quantify its expansion and the resulting need for new employees. Merely the estimation that new employees are needed in technical, administrative and marketing positions is not enough to find fitting solutions. Moreover, Google needs to find criteria to narrow down applicants at the first step which is applying to Google. Instead of having to sift through hundreds of thousands of applications the best method would be to eliminate as many unsuitable candidates during the application process as possible. This could be done by placing restrictions on minimum experience required for each position advertised.   GPA or other such crude academic measures are not a guarantee of finding the most suitable candidate for a position. However, the use of GPA cannot be ruled out altogether either. A more holistic approach would be to use GPA as well as other related factors that account for suitability in the workplace. Google needs to classify the working conditions as wel l as roles and responsibilities for its employees on the quantifiable basis. The use of quantifiable means will ensure that Google can truly discover the right criteria with which to discern the most fitting individual. One of the best methods for Google to discern the abilities of people would be to try them out before hiring them such as through internships and temporary placement positions. Employees could be hired for a few months and then retained continuously if their performance measures up to the intended tasks.

Heuristics and Print Advertising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Heuristics and Print Advertising - Essay Example This calls for the use of simpler methods to get satisfactory solutions. An example of this is the application of heuristics. Heuristics refers to experience-based techniques for discovery, learning and solving problems. Heuristics can also be described as simplifying strategies or rules of thumb that help people in their reasonable judgment and make guesses more quickly. Therefore, they are informal shortcuts or rules used to make daily judgments and get satisfactory solution since organizations cannot afford to spend large amounts of resources like energy, time and money on every single judgment or detail of life (Kahneman et al, 1982). Consumer behavior theories also give a good understanding of the behavioral trends among consumers and the factors that affect their decisions. Marketers combine information from these theories with heuristics so as to attain strategic marketing. The consumer behaviour theory gives a practical application of understanding the behaviour trends in con sumers and thus providing a way of strategizing to influence them. The theory explains the psychological, mental, emotional, non-utilitarian or subjective aspects of consumer behaviour in making buying decisions. ... It is also important to understand that there are consumers who are always after brands of high value hence they seek a lot of information on available brands before making any purchase (Engel et al 1995). Other consumers have habitual buying behaviour whereby they purchase products as a habit whereas others are variety seeking. Howard (1989) states that variety consumers always shop around to get a different brand of a product just to have variety. Variety seeking consumers are the best targets for advertisements since it brings the existence of the brand into their attention so that they can seek it. When they have got used to it, the manufacturers can make slight changes to re-advertise it as a new or improved product once again. Another consumer behaviour theory that explains the trends in consumer behaviour is the neoclassical consumer theory. This theory is a branch of microeconomics that deals with understanding consumer behaviours through the application of classical models o f economics. These models are based on the perception of consumers as people who are very rational in their decision making. In this respect it views them as people who always seek to maximize their satisfaction and benefits with purchases through informed and reasoned analysis of utility and value. When the neoclassical consumer theory is applied to consumer behaviour, it assumes that the utility or benefit of a product describes their behaviour over a life time. The utility maximizing rule states that for consumers to maximise satisfaction, they should allocate their finances so that the last amount of money spend on each product yields the same utility. The neoclassical theory factors in the issue of elasticity. If a product is highly elastic, its consumption will reduce if its price

Summary of Syllables and Moras in Arabic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Summary of Syllables and Moras in Arabic - Essay Example It also comes in the Hijazidialects of Central Arabia, and the dialects of Eastern Libya, and two groups of Egyptian dialects, spoken in the Easternmost part ofthe Delta, and in Upper Egypt approximately to Asyut.. According to the table above, there are some of the cross-dialectal generalizations noticed. In phrase final CC- clusters, the VC- dialect either permit no –CC clusters (kalib,katabit) or permit them only with falling sosnority (kalb, katabit). Geminates often feature in the class of permissible initial CC- clusters (Kiparsky, 2003). Most often arising from assimilation, initial geminates occur only in VC- dialects. They can be resolved by epenthesis in the same way as other onset clusters, e.g. /l-landan/ llandan, ?illandan `to London, /l-ˇcaay/ ˇc-ˇcaay`the tea. Medial -CCC- clusters are broken up as -CiCC- in VC-dialects. \Metathesis" of medial -CCiC- to -CiCC- occurs only in VC-dialects (column D), e.g. /yi-ktib-u/ yikitbu `they write. CV-dialects always retain -CCiC- (yiktibu). High vowel deletion occurs after geminates only in the VC- dialects (column E).e.g. /y-kallim-u/ (y)ikal(l)mu `they talk to someone, /y-sakkir-u/ (y)isak(k)ru, `they shut, /y-Qallim-u/ (y)iQal(l)mu `they teach. Former theoretical literature has settled on issues of divergent ways of resolving consonant clusters by epenthesis, and the issue of cyclinity and opacity. In a variation on this approach, Broselow 1992 claimed that stray consonants link via Moras in VC-dialects. A rather different approach got initiated by Itˆo 1986, 1989, and further developed by Farwaneh 1995 (Kiparsky, 2003). They suggested that VC-dialects syllabify right-to-left. Mester and Padgett 1994 noted that this processual formulation could translate into constraint-based terms by means of alignment constraints. In the VC- dialects license, the

Evaluate the authorities' handling of the 'Alex Nord' case. How would Essay

Evaluate the authorities' handling of the 'Alex Nord' case. How would you have handled this case - Essay Example Disturbed childhood with numerous problems in the house and parent-child relationship can greatly put a child at the risk of developing this disease (Rutter 1998). If a parent is suffering from this disorder or AOD misuse disorder, this can provide the child with a role model to follow, and can enhance his abnormal activities (MedicineNet). Discord between parents or between a parent and the child, or asymmetric parent behavior and attention patterns to the child can trigger an inclination towards antisocial behavior in the child (Rutter 1998). The diagnosis of this disorder is a crucial and very serious matter, as this disease, whereas grave in its nature, has no definite treatment (MedicineNet). People suffering from this disease do not readily opt for treatment and therapy, and often have to be forced to do so, especially by the law (MedicineNet). Medication has proved to be an ineffective means of curing the disease, as firstly, there is no definite medication for this, and secondly, any medicines that may be given can be, and often are, abused or neglected by the patient, so they prove ineffective (MedicineNet). The only workable method if treatment is through psychotherapy of the patient, either individual or in groups_ depending upon the particular case and the needs of the individual_ combined with in-house and outpatient treatments, vocational training programs, and participation in long-term group therapies (MedicineNet). This treatment method, though not completely curable, does help tremendously in leading the individual toward a more normal lifestyle, and helping him pinpoint his problems and abnormal behavior so that he can make an effort to abstain from such activities in the future. Often this disorder wanes with age, with patients reduced to just substance abusers (MedicineNet). The Alex Nord Case: the case under consideration is that of a 24 year old man, named Alex Nord, who has been diagnosed with antisocial

Student action plans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Student action plans - Essay Example According to Holling (1), everything is dependent on everything else. In other words, every organism has a significant role in the ecosystem. For instance, lions kill herbivores for food. On the other hand, these animals feed on grass. Hence, if they were left to reproduce without killing some, pasture land would now be barren. This would then lead to extreme erosion and siltation of water beds, hence endangering marine life. Due to this, I think that the maintenance of ecological integrity is moral and necessary for the survival of all living organisms. Research shows that human activities are the leading cause of environmental degradation. In my case, for instance, the use of petroleum energy in vehicles leads to the loss of a non-renewable resource. Furthermore, vehicles burn up the petroleum oil and release greenhouse fumes into the atmosphere. This leads to negative impacts on the environment, such as global warming. This, in turn, leads to changes in climate, either longer dry spells on extreme rainy seasons that cause havoc to the environment. Such climate changes affect farmers all over the world, who depend on good weather conditions for survival. This, subsequently, results into increased food insecurity and mortality rates. Furthermore, the fumes that vehicles release cause air pollution. People become more prone to respiratory diseases, whereas those already with such experience a lesser probability of cure. In fact, I think that my only positive impact on the environment is in my planting of flowers and trees in my home place. However, this cannot cause a reasonable change in the ecosystem. Thus, everyone has to contribute to the sustenance or renewal of ecological integrity in the world. One way is to encourage everyone in the neighborhood to plant trees. Trees provide a water-catchment area that ensures the survival of soil microorganisms as well as marine organisms. In addition, I can also

Functionalist and Feminist Views of the Family Essay

Functionalist and Feminist Views of the Family - Essay Example Traditionally, family is equated with the nuclear family of a married mother and father and their children. Marriage can best be defined as a legal or socially mandated arrangement between two people usually featuring sexual intercourse and consisting of both privileges and obligations (Kendall, 1998, p. 247). This couple, and its dependents, are 'a relatively permanent group of people related by ancestry, marriage or adoption, who live together, form an economic unit, and take care of their young' (Eitzen and Baca-Zinn, 2003, p. 436). This unit is primarily responsible for the 'achievement of adult satisfaction and social integration' (Ross and Sawhill, 1975, p. 3), which is why Sociologist are so interested in its functions and repercussions. Between the 1940's and 1970's, the prevalent theory in the field was the markedly anti-Marxist structural functionalism, which is most frequently identified with the work of Talcott Parsons. For the Functionalists, individual self-interest, although pursued with some frequency, is not the only motivator of people, as these would make organised societies impossible. Men and women behave in accordance to shared ethical standards and mutual expectations, and these behaviours are 'internalised in the motivational systems of individuals' (Johnson, 1993, p. 116). In this system, 'people act on the basis of their values; their actions are oriented and constrained by the values and norms of people around them; and these norms and values are the basis of social order' (Knapp, 1994, p. 191-192). So where does family fit in According to Parsons: A social system consists in a plurality of individual actors interacting with each other in a situation which has at least a physical or environmental aspect, actors who are motivated in terms of a tendency to the "optimisation of gratification" and whose relation to their situations, including each other, is defined and mediated in terms of a system of culturally structured and shared symbols (Parsons, 1951, p. 5-6). In other words, society consists of a large number of different people interacting in different physical locations. These people are able to communicate through culturally determined methods, and this mutually understood communication is possible even if the individuals are interacting for the first time. This socialisation is not natural-it is a skill, and the learning process begins at a very early age within the family unit. This is only one of the functions of family within the social order. In fact, the importance of family to the functionalist model lies in the universal functions it provides (Robertson, 1989). In addition to socialisation, these functions are: regulation on sexual behaviour; member replacement (providing society with new members via childbirth); safety and care; social placement and emotional support. These initial functions provided the foundation for the more complex relationships required for interaction with society on a larger scale. Although the functionalist perception of family as a heterosexual married couple with children seems rather stagnant and old-fashioned now, that does not mean it was a static concept. Even though the family did not cause great social transformation, it did modify when such shifts occurred. As families had existed for countless years and

The Repercussions of Substance Abuse in College Essay

The Repercussions of Substance Abuse in College - Essay Example Also, since I have been hearing many complaints flying rampant around the dormitory I do feel it is in everyone's best interest if I am the one to be the go between in this situation. Since the problems have been concreting upon each other, and causing disruption in the dormitory, I feel if I don't make a move quickly then the various drinking occurrences might be brought to the Dean's attention and I don't feel neither George nor Edward would want that to occur. Furthermore, as a personal friend of them both I believe that I owe it to them to help them find a resolution to their dilemma by communicating with both of them what the possible outcome of the situation could entail. My main goal is to express to them my disapproval in how each one of them appears to be ignoring the situation and neglecting to respect each other. I also aim to point out to them that these specific activities are disrupting not only their lives but the majority of the other college students routines as well by allowing their personal problems to transcend into something even more pronounced than when it initially began. On the day I planned to discuss the situation with Edward and George, I noticed that there seemed to be a lot of tension in the dormitory. ... I emphasized to Edward that although he was not the reason for George's drinking he had allowed it to continue for months, depleting him from energy he needed for classes, as well as denying rest to many of his other classmates also. I discussed with him how he could be a better friend to George. The way I did this was to point out he could be his talk buddy, and what I meant by that was that he could be there for George to talk to when he felt the urge to drink instead of simply sitting back and allowing him to do so. I pressed upon George how he was ruining any chance he might have at a good college education by his late night partying and then having no reserve energy left over for his studies. They both seemed to understand where I was coming from in my explanation and vowed to each work together as friends to put an end to the problem. In between hearing them both out, I made sure that they understood that by carrying on the way that they were they were not only hurting each other but the rest of the students in the dormitory. I explained that everyone was losing much needed sleep because of the extracurricular activities not being controlled. Also, I went on to stress to Edward that I understood he again was not to blame but at the same time I pointed out that he had a responsibility to help someone with whom he was friends with. I explained that if he would have intervened when the problem was only minimal perhaps it wouldn't have gotten as bad as it has and Edward seemed to understand my point exactly. He did feel bad that he let George down by not watching out for him when he knew he had a drinking problem but his attitude he

Relationship Between Development Of The Sound System And Overall Motor Essay

Relationship Between Development Of The Sound System And Overall Motor Development In Children - Essay Example This essay stresses that that two children by dissimilar patterns of production of speech sounds throughout an early period of phonological development preserve dissimilarity in production patterns during the developmental period. This paper makes a conclusion that though equally children's articulatory skills appeared to be inside normal limits, as compared by their peers, one was in advance of the further in completing the phonetic inventory. Furthermore, their approaches to the manufacture of polysyllabic words at Time 1 were evocative of their later production skills for incessant speech. Even though these outcomes are not broadly generalizable, they begin to offer evidence for untried hypotheses in the literature concerning the relationship between premature pronunciation processes and afterward pronunciation skill. Several predictions made by this study that may be tested by potential studies are the subsequent: 1. First of all the use of glottal and glide substitute for intervocalic consonants throughout early stages of development may be prognostic of moderately slower development of precise articulatory motion wanted for the production of affricates and no early clusters. 2. Early concluding consonant deletion, glottal, and glide substitute do not come into view to be analytical, necessarily, of a wide-ranging linguistic deficit or a harsh phonological difficulty. 3. No doubt, a premature partiality for assimilation and reduplication processes does not come into view to be prognostic of sluggish phonological learning.

Characters of Romeo and Juliet Essay Example for Free

Characters of Romeo and Juliet Essay In The Prologue of Romeo And Juliet, the fate of the star-crossed lovers, the title characters, is already told. They have been doomed to take their [lives] before the play has even begun. This foretelling of what the audience is about to see displays that the play is about how and why the events unfold, and not what happens. Act Two, Scene Two is an important scene in the play, which is because this is where Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet, the two children born of the fatal loins of their feuding parents, meet for the second time, after Capulets Masquerade. They fall in love, starting the chain of fated events that cause their deaths. Before meeting Juliet, Romeo was seen to be melancholic; he was supposedly in love with Rosaline, which was unrequited. He seemed to be introspective, and have a very negative outlook; in Act One, Scene One his father, Montague, said that Romeo had been shutting himself [a]way from light in his room. Romeo appeared to have a very poetic, yet bleak, attitude to love. This is demonstrated by Romeos use of extended oxymoron in Act One, Scene One, where he talked of loving hate, and misshapen chaos of well-seeming forms. His poetic words seemed to indicate that perhaps Romeo was not in love, rather in love with the idea of being in love. He spoke of Rosaline, the object of his love, as though she was a deity, even stating she has characteristics of the goddess Diana (she has Dians wit). The goddess Diana was an emblem of chastity, and the object of Romeos affections has taken a vow of chastity. Ironically, Romeo refuses to examine other beauties, as his friend and kinsman Benvolio suggests at the end of Act One, Scene One. In Act One, Scene Five, when Romeo firsts saw, spoke to, and kissed Juliet, he still used decorative language, and said similar to what he had previously said about Rosaline. He said that Juliet doth teach the torches to burn bright, a metaphor, after first seeing her in Act one, Scene Five, after calling Rosaline the all-seeing sun in Act One, Scene Three. This seems to indicate that Romeo is too quick to announce his love, saying of Juliet what he had said not long ago about Rosaline. He did, however, denounce his previous love and say that his love of Rosaline was not comparable to his love for Juliet in Act One, Scene Five, with the rhetorical question [d]id my hear love till now? . In Act One, Scene Three Juliet is seen to be polite and respectful young girl. Her mother, Lady Capulet, who is less close to Juliet than her Nurse, tried to persuade Juliet to marry a suitor that has been chosen for her. Marriage was an honour that [Juliet] dream[ed] not of, being only thirteen years of age. Lady Capulet, in Act One, Scene Three, told her daughter that [t]he valiant Paris seeks [Juliet] for his love. Juliet seemed in no rush to fall in love and marry at such a young age, she stated she would look to like, but no more deep [ ] endart [her] eye. She appeared grounded, with no unrealistic expectations about love, and in no hurry to find a husband, despite her mothers insistence that girls younger than Juliet [are] made already mothers. When Juliet met Romeo for the first time in Act One, Scene Five, although she echoed Romeos poetic and metaphor rich language, she appeared more playful and flirtatious, telling Romeo he kiss[es] by thbook. In Act Two, Scene Two, Romeo speaks of his love for Juliet and watches her after she appears at the window. He compares her beauty to that of the sun: [it] is the east and Juliet is the sun/Arise, fair sun, when she appears at her window. Shakespeare uses this language to depict that Romeo has elevated Juliet to the stature of a goddess. This is reinstated, with Juliets beauty repeatedly being compared to (and bettering) the brightness of celestial objects; Romeo says that the brightness of her cheek would shame [the] stars. Shakespeare used more positive metaphor, repetition, and a less structured and poetic approach to Romeos speech to show that Romeos newly found love of Juliet has effected a change in his language. Romeo is presented as more happy to love, and simply be in the presence of Juliet: he is eager for her to speak again, rather than strike up a conversation instantly. When Romeo begins speaking to Juliet, after hearing her speak of her love and asking why she must love a member of the family she hates, asking wherefore [is he] Romeo? , Shakespeare wants us to understand Romeos devotion to Juliet. Romeo offers to forsake his name, saying that [h]enceforth [he] never will be Romeo demonstrating his willingness to make sacrifices for the love of Juliet. During this scene Shakespeare repeatedly uses names, or words referring to names (for example, name, or called) to show the conflict between language, the words and names, and experience, reality; Juliet states that a rose/By any other word would spell as sweet. Romeo is eager to exchange [Juliets] loves faithful vow for [his], which shows not only Romeos eagerness to prove his unchangeable love to Juliet, but his need to be loved in return. He tries to swear his love many things, including yonder blessed moon, Juliet takes vowing love much more seriously, and asks Romeo not to swear by the inconstant moon as it is too changing to vow such an important thing on. This presents Juliet as a mature girl, who tries to consider the consequences of actions and promises, whereas Romeo is completely absorbed in the idea of love. Juliet is concerned that her and Romeos love is moving too fast, saying that it is too like the lightening. Shakespeare uses this again showing Juliets rationality, but also showing that she is young, love is new to her and she is in no rush. Romeo does not appear to share these concerns; he is more concerned with loving and being loved, only satisfied by Juliets faithful vow. She is however in love with Romeo, and is not happy to see him go, [p]arting is such sweet sorrow, but is eager to see him again. Towards the end of the scene Juliets language becomes more like Romeos in eagerness to vow love, and in use of simile, comparing Romeo to a wantons bird, tethered by her love. Romeos rashness, loyalty, and need to love Juliet and be loved in return are important characteristics that will end up sealing his grim fate at the end of the play. Juliets young age, and contrasting maturity, grounding in reality and strong will in her love will be ever important, and her need to see a plan through will be important factors that help lead her towards her tragic ending. For never was there a story of more woe/Than this of Juliet and her Romeo.

Understanding The Castles Of Illinois Cultural Studies Essay

Understanding The Castles Of Illinois Cultural Studies Essay Hundreds of students enter the doors of Old Main everyday on their mission of succeeding in their college mathematics classes. Typically, these students call this building the castle. One of Eastern Illinois Universitys trademarks has become the silhouette of the Livingston C. Lord administration building, or the castle Old Main. Many students, and even professors, take this castle for granted. The intricate details and history behind this historical architectural building is overseen. Old Main, is one of five Illinois state colleges to house a building with all five having similar architecture. This architectural style derived from the former Illinois Governor John Altgeld who desired to make the state colleges of Illinois unique and refined. There are many rumors as to how the five Illinois state colleges compare to each other with their castle buildings. These rumors, or stories, try to explain the connection between the five castle buildings from the Illinois state schools. One rumor revolves around the fact that all five castles can be put together to create one large castle. Although some believe that the hallways and corridors may be aligned in such a way that they fit perfectly together, there is no proof of such architectural planning. Another rumor is that the buildings came from a large castle; that these pieces were cut and send to each university where they now lay. This rumor has since been proven wrong. All five of the Illinois castles have an architectural structure that is influenced by Altgeld. However, not all of the castles were built by the same groups of architects. John Peter Altgeld was the 20th governor of the U.S. state of Illinois from 1893 until 1897 (Wikipedia). On top of being an Illinois governor, Altgeld had a large influence on Illinois architecture. John Altgeld believed that the typical public buildings did not look visually pleasing. He referred to their appearance as a relation to warehouses or shops (Frisbie, 6). In order to fix this appearance, Altgeld proposed new buildings with a Tudor-Gothic architectural style. The Tudor Gothic architectural style is a very intricate and detailed design. Battlements, towers, turrets, pointed arches, and label molds all are characteristics of the various Gothic revival styles (The Architecture of Easterns Old Main, 24). Using a naturalistic view, the buildings design revolves around nature. Looking closely at the details of the outside walls, one can see designs of leaves, flowers, and natural shapes carved into the walls and pillars. Another typical feature of this style is the tower. The tower is the section of the building which overlooks the other parts of the structure. It is typically two to three levels higher than the top floor. With the Tudor style, the doors and window are more narrow and smaller. Arches are also a major part of the gothic style. These arches are typically pointed and placed at main points of interest. Focusing on all of these aspects, we can note the distinct design in the five Illinois castles. Looking closely at these colleges c astles, we should see the natural design on the architecture as well as the great arches and towers. Out of the five Illinois state schools, two of the castles are not named after Governor Altgeld. At Eastern Illinois University, they named their Altgeld inspired building after their first president Livingston C. Lord. At Illinois State University, their Altgeld inspired building was once known as Altgelds Folly, but is now known as Cook Hall (Wikipedia). The other three state schools include Altgelds name within their buildings name. These schools include Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and Northern Illinois University at DeKalb. Each school has a different story and different mathematics behind them. We are going to focus mainly on Eastern Illinois Universitys building Old Main. However, we will cover the basic history behind each of the other four state schools buildings. Old Main was the first building to be build for Eastern Illinois University. Therefore, before the construction of Old Main there was a lot of action that led to its distinct architecture. Before Eastern Illinois University was even built, there was a large competition between where the new state school would be located. Governor John Peter Altgeld helped create this new state school by signing the act of the Illinois General Assembly which appropriated $50,000 for the establishment of Eastern Illinois State Normal School (The Architecture of Easterns Old Main, 7). The contest to become the seat of the new normal school began with Mattoon, Paris, Danville, Shelbyville, Effingham, Kansas, Tuscola, Charleston, and more (The Architecture of Easterns Old Main, 8). A normal school is meant to train teachers how to perform the correct process of teaching. Not too long after Eastern Illinois State Normal School became a normal school, the schools name changed to Eastern Illinois State Colle ge in 1947. Then in 1957, the school changed its name for the final time to Eastern Illinois University (The Architecture of Easterns Old Main, 20). This is the name it has been ever since. Eastern Illinois University was built in Charleston for one main reason. Charleston offered a great deal to the university if the campus was build within two miles of the Coles County courthouse. Then the city donated 40 acres of land, $35,000 to $45,000 dollars to the school, city water, 4 fire hydrants, and supply the school with water for fifty years at five dollars a year (The Architecture of Easterns Old Main, 9). Any person would conclude that this was a great deal. The city also offered other amenities to help in the construction process. On September 7, 1895, Charleston was officially accepted as the site for Eastern Illinois State Normal School (The Architecture of Easterns Old Main, 9). The forty acres resided on the site known as Bishop Woods and the plans for their first building began. These plans took a few years to develop. Altgeld did not approve of the first plan for the new building, because it did not resemble the Tudor-Gothic architecture. Then in the spring of 18 96, the plan for the first building was approved and lined out by the Chicago firm of Angus and Gindele (The Architecture of Easterns Old Main, 11). Altgeld is known to have an influence on Old Main by requesting the architects that specialize in the Tudor-Gothic style. The first stone of the brick and limestone edifice was laid on April 11, 1896 (The Architecture of Easterns Old Main, 11). Figure 1 (EIU)- from Wikipedia The final decision on Old Mains structure is not on record. When Angus and Gindele brought the final architectural plan to the site, they noted that there were changes that need to be made with the porch, main tower, and walls ( The Architecture of Easterns Old Main, 31). Within the drawings, there was a more detailed roofline which is not seen on the building. At this time, the project acquired a new architect, Charles Ward Rapp of Chicago (The Architecture of Easterns Old Main, 31). Charles had previously designed Altgeld Hall for Southern Illinois Normal University. The final, and current, building Old Main can be seen in figure 1. There is disagreement that Altgeld had a role in designing Old Main, but he definitely had an influence on the buildings style. He was the one to suggest the style, approve the layout, and approve the structure that would remain on the forty acres. In Altgelds second biennial message to the Illinois legislature he stated, After an examination of the subject I became satisfied that the most inexpensive, as well as the most impressive architectural style of buildings that are to stand alone in a grove, or in a field, is what has been called the Tudor-Gothic styleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ This style has consequently been adopted in most buildings that have been erected in the last two years, and is found to be very effective (The Architecture of Easterns Old Main, 12). This speech led to believe that Altgeld not only found an inexpensive way to create buildings with state schools, but to also have these buildings be visually beautiful. Old Main, is now described as a three-story, normal style, building of brick and limestone construction (Winkleblack, 23). It houses the department of admissions as well as the mathematics and computer science courses. Figure 2 from history of EIUs Old Main webpage Tudor-Gothic architectural style can be seen in both Old Main, Pemberton Hall, and Booth Library located on the Eastern Illinois University campus. This type of architectural style was used with the early to mid 1900s. Within Old Main one can note the large ceilings, arches, tall door frames, and naturalistic details. As seen in figure 2, Old Mains original design was very intricate. Currently, the first, the second, and the third floors are open to students for mathematics classes and administrative purposes. However, around 1920 the fifth floor of Old Mains tower was used as storage for library books and part of a hallway for a reading room (Booth Library, 6). Currently the tower is closed off to the students and public. Altgelds influence not only affected Eastern Illinois Universitys Old Main architecture, but he also influenced more state schools buildings. A total of five Illinois state schools host a building with the Tudor-Gothic architecture influenced by John Altgeld. Each school has their own story of how their part of the Altgelds castle came to be. The current five Illinois castles are said to all resemble the Tudor-Gothic architectural style and are all fireproofed in order to preserve their structure. Many of these castles have already been renovated to keep them from deteriorating. Figure 3 (SIU) from Wikipedia Just before Eastern Illinois Universitys Old Main was build, Southern Illinois University was planning on recreating their first building with Altgelds Tudor-Gothic architectural style. When Southern Illinois University first opened as a state school, their first building was dedicated on the opening day of July 1, 1874 (Lentz, 18). Their first buildings architecture resembled the Romaic-Gothic style. Its length from north to south was 215 feet and projecting to the front and rear was 109 feet with the side wings (Lentz, 18). This building was burnt down in a fire during the year of 1883. However, this buildings foundation was used to rebuild the facility with Altgelds inspired castle structure. In 1895, the rebuilding campaign went forward with the cordial support of the Altgeld Administration (Lentz, 56). This new building, which can be seen in figure 3, formerly entitled Altgeld Hall is now used primarily for the science courses at Southern Illinois University. This buildings formal name of Altgeld Hall, is said to describe the style of buildings constructed during the Altgeld period. Since then, this building has gone under two renovations to help preserve its structure and artistic style. Figure 4 (NIU) from Wikipedia The construction of Northern Illinois University first began in 1895. Governor John Altgeld signed the legislation which jump started the creation of Northern Illinois University. To commemorate this gesture, the first building build on the Northern Illinois University campus was entitled Altgeld Hall but was informally known as the Castle on the Hill (Wikipedia). Altgeld Hall can be seen in figure 4. The construction of this first building took just over four Figure 4 (NIU) from Wikipediayears to complete. Again, since Governor Altgeld wanted all of the state schools to be unified with the Tudor-Gothic architecture, this building was built with this style in mind. This first building was the main component of Northern Illinois University for quite some time. When Altgeld Hall first opened, it housed the entire university. It was classroom, boardroom, library, gymnasium, administrative office building, and lecture hall. It housed chemical and physical laboratories, executive offices, a 1,200 seat auditorium , biology labs, a study hall, a museum, classrooms, a manual training shop, an independent water system, and finally a dynamo for light and power (wikipedia). In 1999, this building went under a five year renovation to update its structure from deterioration. Currently this building is served as a house for administrative purposes and technology teaching laboratories. Figure 5 (U of I) from Wikipedia In 1897, architects Nathan Clifford Ricker and James White completed the fourth edition to the castle-style buildings constructed under the order of Governor John Peter Altgeld (Wikipedia). This fourth Altgeld castle belongs to the University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign. Although Altgeld preferred the Tudor-Gothic style of architecture, the castle at University of Illinois has more of a Romanesque style. (As seen in Figure 5) The reason this state school chose the Romanesque style was based on their weather conditions. This castle had many names and purposes. It was first known as the University Library, then the Law Building, and finally named Altgeld Hall. In 1998, an effort was under way to complete a major carillon for the 132 foot tall bell tower (Frisbie, 6). This building currently resides the mathematics department and mathematics library. Figure 6 (ISU) from Wikipedia The last of the five castles was to begin its construction during the panic of 1893. This building was to be constructed in the already existing campus of Illinois State University. Because of the scarce times, the construction was postponed. While this building was being postponed, two additional buildings were constructed. Then in 1955 the construction for the fifth castle began and the building was completed on September of 1956 (Marshall, 8). This building was made with Bedford limestone and was built to be fireproof. Since it was fireproof, this building became Illinois State Universitys library. This new building was named after the schools fourth president, Jesse Williston Cook. Cook Hall, was later turned into the schools gymnasium. This building is also known as the Old Castle, The Gymnasium, and Altgelds Folly (ISU). Currently, Cook Hall is home to the musical department and can be seen in figure 6. Altgeld wanted to unify the Illinois state schools in a distinct way. He encouraged each state school to build their first, or main, building in the Tudor-Gothic style. He believed this style demonstrated refinement as well as aesthetically pleasing to the viewers of these campuses. Altgeld buildings were an expression of the former governors determination that a first-class education be available to all state residents (Frisbie, 6) Since Altgeld helped sign the legislature to build most of these campuses, these state school on thought it right to name their buildings after Altgeld himself. Currently, almost all of these five structures are the oldest buildings on the state campuses. Out of the five state schools to host part of the Altgelds caste, three have, or currently, house the mathematics department. It seems only correct for the mathematics department to reside in the most historical and architecturally intricate buildings on the state campuses.

Operational Analysis of BP

Operational Analysis of BP P1 Describe the different sectors in which engineering companies operate and the function that they carry out in that sector. Task1 a)Research and describe the function / operation of one of each engineering companies that you judge to work within the Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary sectors. Where applicable, state any products that these companies manufacture. Bp Primary BP is basically located in all the sectors. Primary sector basically involves the extraction of raw materials. These raw materials include iron ore, trees, unprocessed coal, and oil. The primary sector is also referred to as the extractive production. BP is involved in this sector as it extracts its own raw materials which include crude oil and gas. Extraction is of their oil is mainly done in the Gulf of Mexico which include Atlantis, Na Kika, Thunder Horse and Mad Dog and on land their oil drilling rigs are in many places including 48 states on the United States and one of them is Alaska. In its involvement in the raw material extraction, BP between 2013 and 2015 its average daily production or extraction raised from 189,000 barrels of oil equivalent to 249,000. After crude oil and gas has been extracted the next step is to transport it to a refinery plant and create known fuels of today and that will commence the next stage which is the secondary sector. BP is involved in all the sectors meaning that it extracts its own raw materials, refine its own oil to make products and then distribute it and it does its own research to improve its refining methods to make its products of great quality. Oil rigs in the Gulf of Mexico operated by BP . Secondary as BP is involved in all the sectors as mentioned above, it refines its own crude oil to make many products that include fuel for many vehicles including aircrafts, gas used in homes and many more. The secondary sector basically involves the turning of raw materials into finished products or goods which will be used by other businesses. The main BP refinery plant is in Cherry Point, Wash.; Whiting, Ind.; and Toledo, Ohio as per BP website and they refine up to 744 000 barrels of oil every day. In this sector, they produce a wide range of products which include fuels like petrol and diesel, petrochemicals and lubricants which are then used to power up vehicles of all sorts. The end products of this sector are sold to aircraft owners as jet fuel, motor vehicle fuel and vehicle lubricates such as motor oil. BP refinery plants Tertiary this sector includes the distribution of the finished products or in other words the provision of services and goods to customers like for example jet fuel to companies like Boeing. To distribute its products throughout the whole world, BP has created fuel stations throughout the world which sell petrol and diesel. It also sells gas. It also supplies its products through independent jobbers and dealer wholesales and franchised retail sites as per the BP website. Quaternary this sector basically involves research and development within a company. The quaternary sector is based on knowledge and skill and scientific research to improve efficiency or the quality of the products being created. With BP, there is a sector which is always developing and researching technologies to make its operations safer and efficient and explore and discover new resources to use. As per the BP website, it tests, uses, and creates innovative technologies at its refinery plants and in its fuel business to make the product of quality and to make sure that it is safe to use. It is also researching ways to avoid oil spills that will destroy the natural environment thereby making the world a safer place. Shell Primary ­ as with BP, shell is also an oil based company that is involved in all sectors. In the primary sector, it extracts its own crude oil mainly in the North Sea. It extracts crude oil as well as gas and because it mainly operates in the North Sea, they constantly face challenges extracting that oil. In this sector shell uses extended reach drilling technology that allows it to work in places with high pressure as where the crude oil and gas is located since the fossils where made in high pressure conditions. Their first major oil discovery was in 1971 and was in Brent field which then started producing oil in 1976. Its first gas field was in Leman field and it was in 1966. Shell operates about 33 offshore oil extraction plants and about 65 interests in the North Sea as per the shell website. Secondary- after the extraction has been done like for example offshore, the raw materials are then transferred to onshore for processing. Its transported by pipeline most of it. When it arrives, the oil is refined and processed using a process called fractional distillation. Also, the oil enters the globally traded crude oil market and the finished products such as petrol and diesel that is put into cars, aviation, and marine fuel and lubricants and plastics and chemicals are then distributed in the tertiary sector. With gas, it is processed on shells 3 main gas plants which include St Fergus, Mossmoran and Bacton and they produce about 35% of the UK gas as per the shell website. Tertiary after the secondary stage has been finished that it the products have been made such as fuel, lubricants and products like plastic, the next stage is to distribute them to potential customers which include large companies like for example involved in aviation business and motor vehicle. Also, SHELL has its own fuel stations across the world so that it can distribute its fuel to the people. As a large company shell has small franchises that only specializes in the distribution sector like for example some fuel stations maybe franchises and it is another way of distributing its fuel to the world. Quaternary  ­ as a large company, Shell is always looking or researching for new technologies to improve its raw materials extraction, its production. Its looking for ways to make the whole process efficient. Its also developing technologies to cope with the deal with challenging environment like high pressure environment like in the North Sea. Its also researching in the field of advanced imaging to improve production. This include the research of 3D seismic images to help see the flow pattern of oil underground. This is all done to boost the oil production to meet the demand of the growing population. TATA industries Primary- TATA steel mainly operates in India and its 3 main materials it extracts are iron ore, chromite, and coal. Iron ore and coal are the main raw materials needed for the creation of steel. The company started mining these raw materials in 1903 as per their own website. The mining sites are in Noamundi, Joda and Katamati in the states of Jharkhand and Odisha. Its coal mines are in Jharia West Bokaro, in the state of Jharkhand. These raw materials are then used to make steel that is then transported to its vehicle making plant to make motor vehicles and other machines. Secondary- the whole secondary process is explained through the picture below. from how the iron ore is melted and the processes it goes for steel to be produced. Also, as mentioned above this process involves the transformation of raw materials to finished goods and products. In this sector is where the steel production is done by using iron ore and coal. Iron ore is smelted and the iron is separated from the ore. After that the iron is then further re melted and addictives are added such as coke and limestone in the furnace. After this process steel is produced. After steel, has been made it is used to make cars in the land rover and jaguar factories. Besides making cars, it also makes Gears, engines, motors, hydraulic systems, power generation. Tertiary after the manufacturing process, the next stage is to distribute and sell the finished goods to the consumers. The company has its own dealers that sells the famous jaguar and range rover cars. Besides cars it also sells car gears and engines to other manufactures. It also sells motors and generators. So, the company has its own dealerships as well as other franchises that will sell their products on their behalf. Quaternary the company has a division that specializes in research and development and production of advanced technologies. The company is always looking for new technologies to make mining safe and efficient. Also, its researching ways to make cars that produce less carbon footprints. Also, its producing technology or software that estimates the volume of coal in every seam and the quality. Information and pictures extracted from https://uk.pinterest.com/annmaireesaward/bp/ http://www.shell.co.uk/energy-and-innovation/meeting-todays-demands/finding-oil-and-gas.html http://www.tatasteelindia.com/products-and-processes/raw-materials.asp P2 Describe the organisational types of three given engineering companies Task2 From the companies, you have chosen above; Give a brief outline for the companies and state the sort of organisational type (the type of business organisation) they may have? (For example: sole traders, partnerships, companies, franchises). Shell is a franchise Describe the nature of their business. Describe the range of products that they offer and the engineering functions they carry out. State the kind of Organisational structures they have? (For example: Line Organisational Structure, Hierarchical structures). Explain why an Organisation needs a Structure? P3Outline how information flows through an engineering company in relation to an engineering activity Task3 Using the company you work in, draw up an organisational chart that shows the line of command in the company. Select a product that the company maintains. With reference to the above product, describe with aid of a flow chart how information is passed in an effective manner between the people responsible for its maintenance. M1 explain how improvements in information flow could enhance the functional activities of an engineering company Task4 Explain how business improvement techniques such as 5S/5C (Sort, Set-In-Order, Shine, Standardise and Sustain) facilitate information flow. D1 Evaluate the information flow through an engineering company in relation to an engineering activity Task5. Evaluate the effectiveness of how information is passed for the given company. Your evaluation should include as a minimum; The advantages and disadvantages of the process flow. Time it takes to complete the order against customer needs. Identify problems with the system. Describe why Lean Manufacturing has become an important philosophy to manufacturing industry and why techniques such as Just in Time (JIT), Kanban and 5S are so valued. You need to write to your manager explaining how you think information flow and communications can be improved.

Coming Back to Life in the story The River Styx Runs Upstream Essay

It’s a universally know truth that death is certain and people cannot live forever. In the story The River Styx Runs Upstream, the author Dan Simmons predicts and interprets the way our lives would be different if that fact was altered. Simmons’s story describes the way the society and people would function if people were brought back from the dead. The title of the story is ironic since rivers run downstream and not upstream and it’s also not coincidental that the river Styx is a river which according to Greek mythology separates our world from the underworld. The story is narrated by a young boy whose mother dies and is brought back to life. Looking at the events in his life and examining his attitude and others towards resurrected people the understanding of the dead is acknowledged. There are many beneficial and detrimental effects of bringing people back to life, but the people who bring back the dead ones fail to recognize the unpleasant effects their actio ns will have on their family. The narrator of the story, one of the younger brothers is satisfied with the fact that his mother is living again and is brought back to life. However what he fails to realize because he is so young that his mother and his family will never be the same again. His mother will never be the same mother the boy remembers before she was dead. When they first bring her in, she is not what they boy remembers, â€Å"...her face was flushed and healthy, almost sunburned. Her skin wasn't cold. It was just different." The resurrected can never fully recover and must be under constant supervision. The father was told that would happen, he was told to think of it as a â€Å"stroke†, but he failed to realize that the stoke isn’t temporary and it won’t be nurse back ... ...ir peers, no one will speak to them in school and the kids make fun of them. The two boys are then forced to transfer to private schools where no one makes fun of them, but kids still don’t make the effort to befriend them. The boys are shunned from their social circle and are forced to just play together all the time. Both the boys have trouble falling asleep, and the older boy, Simon, always has the same reoccurring nightmare about his mother â€Å"grinning at him, not smiling, but grinning real wide... her teeth... filed down to points." It get so emotionally frustrating for the boys to be around her that Simon convinces the younger brother to run away with him so they no longer have to be in her presence. After the father learns that the boys tried to run away her tries to take a family vacation where Simon, who is so distraught by the resurrection commits suicide.

Creating a Living Canon: The Humanist Project of Uniting Ancient and Modern :: Essays Papers

Creating a Living Canon: The Humanist Project of Uniting Ancient and Modern The humanist preoccupation with the glory of the ancients spans the entire length of the Italian Renaissance and surfaces in nearly all the writers from Petrarch to Castiglione. The precise use of classical writers varies depending on the purpose of the Renaissance writer’s particular work—they are held up as examples to be emulated by historians, as works essential to shaping good character in their readers by the educational writers, and as personal guides in the letters and treatises of the correspondents and philosophers. However, their invocations in humanist texts exhibit a common sense of the rediscovered continuity of human nature, a continuity that had been rashly denied by the monastic tradition of the Middle Ages but was now being revived as part of the humanist project. It would not be entirely accurate to say that the humanists longed for â€Å"a return to a better past,† because they largely accepted Christianity as the final truth, and to return to a pre-Christian age would be to return to perhaps a more vigorous secular life, but also to a spiritual darkness. Instead, they aimed to synthesize the learning of the ancients with the modern Christian world and to create a unified literary and philosophical tradition that would link their seemingly disparate civilizations and could be passed on to later generations as a cohesive canon. The sense that such a unification is necessary for the broader culture because it is essential to the development of the individuals within it is propounded by the writers of the educational treatises, who advocate the liberal arts education as a means to obtaining the character worthy of a ruler and an intellectual. The liberal arts, by their very nature, include the classics—arms and letters for Vergerio, the writings of Cicero and the poets for Bruni, and the intense study of classical languages for Guarino. More than simply advocating their study, however, the educational writers incorporate the ancients’ own educational philosophies and practices into shaping their own programs. Vergerio, for example, writes that â€Å"the practice of the Spartans [of putting drunk slaves on display to show the baseness of drunkenness] seems to me by no means objectionable,† and that both Cato and Socrates exemplify the virtue of learning throughout their lives. The found ation of modern education upon tenets of classical educational philosophy exemplifies the idea of a continuous tradition from the Greeks through the moderns. Creating a Living Canon: The Humanist Project of Uniting Ancient and Modern :: Essays Papers Creating a Living Canon: The Humanist Project of Uniting Ancient and Modern The humanist preoccupation with the glory of the ancients spans the entire length of the Italian Renaissance and surfaces in nearly all the writers from Petrarch to Castiglione. The precise use of classical writers varies depending on the purpose of the Renaissance writer’s particular work—they are held up as examples to be emulated by historians, as works essential to shaping good character in their readers by the educational writers, and as personal guides in the letters and treatises of the correspondents and philosophers. However, their invocations in humanist texts exhibit a common sense of the rediscovered continuity of human nature, a continuity that had been rashly denied by the monastic tradition of the Middle Ages but was now being revived as part of the humanist project. It would not be entirely accurate to say that the humanists longed for â€Å"a return to a better past,† because they largely accepted Christianity as the final truth, and to return to a pre-Christian age would be to return to perhaps a more vigorous secular life, but also to a spiritual darkness. Instead, they aimed to synthesize the learning of the ancients with the modern Christian world and to create a unified literary and philosophical tradition that would link their seemingly disparate civilizations and could be passed on to later generations as a cohesive canon. The sense that such a unification is necessary for the broader culture because it is essential to the development of the individuals within it is propounded by the writers of the educational treatises, who advocate the liberal arts education as a means to obtaining the character worthy of a ruler and an intellectual. The liberal arts, by their very nature, include the classics—arms and letters for Vergerio, the writings of Cicero and the poets for Bruni, and the intense study of classical languages for Guarino. More than simply advocating their study, however, the educational writers incorporate the ancients’ own educational philosophies and practices into shaping their own programs. Vergerio, for example, writes that â€Å"the practice of the Spartans [of putting drunk slaves on display to show the baseness of drunkenness] seems to me by no means objectionable,† and that both Cato and Socrates exemplify the virtue of learning throughout their lives. The found ation of modern education upon tenets of classical educational philosophy exemplifies the idea of a continuous tradition from the Greeks through the moderns.

Iron & Coppersulfate

Introduction: Making observations are very important in chemistry. It should be done carefully and precisely to ensure no mistakes. This experiment was all about observing. In this experiment, a set of chemicals were used to set up an experiment. The experiment was observed for three days. The chemicals used were copper sulfate (blue crystals), sodium chloride (salt), and iron. Copper sulfate is a chemical compound which is produced commercially by reacting various copper (II) compounds with sulfuric acid [1]. It generally appears as a bright blue or green crystal [1]. Its chemical formula is CuSo4. Iron is silver-white magnetic metallic and readily rusts in moist air [3]. Its chemical formula is Fe. The chemical reaction was demonstrated by the iron reacting to the copper sulfate. Copper Sulfate Crystals [4] Materials & Methods: Materials: 2 small circles of filter paper, 1 iron nail, 5 grams of copper (II) sulfate, 10 grams of sodium chloride (salt), and 1 small piece of plastic wrap Method: Briefly, 5 grams of copper (II) sulfate was placed in a test tube. Filter paper was placed on top of that, 10 grams of salt were then added, and then more filter paper was added. An iron nail was placed faced down on top of that last filter paper and then the test tube was filled with enough water to cover up the nail. Last, the test tube was observed for the next three days. Results: Time| Observation| Day 0| * The tip of the nail had turned pinkish-red * The bottom of the tube, which was clear and blue from the copper sulfate was now bright green| Day 1| * The entire nail was now pinkish-red * Some copper had shed off of the nail and was resting on top of the salt * The water turned yellow * The tube is now dark-almost black green at the bottom * There was less copper sulfate| Day 2| * The entire nail was pink * The water was still yellow * A lot of copper has shed from the nail * The copper sulfate has dissolved (it is only about 1 gram left)| The above can be summarized by this chemical reaction: Fe(s) + CuSo4(aq) Cu(s) + FeSo4(aq) iron copper (II) copper iron (II) sulfate sulfate Discussion: The purpose of this experiment was to show how iron reacts to copper sulfate. It seems like iron got jealous of copper sulfate’s chemistry so iron stole sulfate from copper. That’s how iron sulfate came to be and that is also why copper is now alone. The purpose of the salt was to slow the reaction down. The purpose of the water was to dissolve the copper sulfate. The purpose of the filter papers were to separate the chemicals. The evidence of the change that was observed was that there was no more copper sulfate but there was now iron sulfate. Bibliography: 1. http://www. wisegeek. com/what-is-copper-sulfate. htm 2. http://www. finishing. com/4000-4199/4134. shtml 3. http://www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/iron 4. paulslab. compaulslab. com http://www. paulslab. com/crystals/copper-sulfate. html

An Analysis of My Fair Lady

HIS first big number, â€Å"With a Little Bit of Luck† was hilarious, and I think I enjoyed It more than â€Å"Get Me to the Church on Time† even though the latter Is the song you first think of associating with his character. HIS two dustmen friends were perfect as well, the three of them did the funniest little gig and the harmonize they did on the refrain was spot on. Scarcest sounded so exactly like Rexes Harrison it gave me chills. I have seen the 1964 film version of My Fair Lady eternally hundreds of times, I'm pretty sure I wore out the VS. version that my parents had when I was very young.I can hear Harrison reciting some of the most famous lines in my head. When Scarcest said â€Å"She's so De-Al-callously low, so HO-rivalry dirty,† the hairs on the back of my neck stood up. The best number that Higgins did was probably â€Å"I'm an Ordinary Man†. The orchestra was fabulous especially In that song. â€Å"Vive Grown Accustomed to Her Face† has to be a close second. Aurora Florence played Elise Doolittle. Just because she wasn't my favorite character In this particular reduction does not mean she wasn't wonderful, because she was.She obviously worked very hard on her accents, and really she had the most work in that area to do since she had to learn both a Cockney accent and a proper English one. There was a few times where her Cockney fell flat, however. It seemed like she was concentrating too hard on the most â€Å"important† lines (â€Å"I washed me face an' ‘ands before I come, I did†, â€Å"C'mon Dover, move hay blooming' ears†) and I became aware that she was doing an accent, which is exactly what you don't want to happen, it breaks the magic. That Ewing said, Ms. Florence has a beautiful singing voice and played a very touching and convincing Elise.The costumes were unbelievable. All of Elijah's costumes were replicas of the costuming done in the film version. Even down to the flower girl outfit and the green skirt and white blouse that she wears In the â€Å"The Rain in Spain† scene. I didn't really realize It until the scene at the Ascot racetrack when Elise emerges In that white dress with the horizontal black and white ribbon and the enormous feathered hat. I'm pretty sure I squealed. My favorite costume of Elijah's is of course en gown Tanat seen wears to ten Massey Ball Ana ten costume gleaner 01 disappoint.The Jewels dripping from Elijah's neck, ears, and wrists (not to mention that gorgeous tiara) seemed even more dazzling in the bright stage lights than they did in the film version. To summarize, this was the best production that Vive seen outside of Chicago or SST. Louis. I would argue that it was done as well or better than most of the productions Vive seen at the Lyceum as well. Big League Productions has its own website, and is touring extensively all over the country. If you get the chance to see this play, Jump on it.

Amul Essay 9

CONTENTS 1. Introduction 1. history 2. the three-tier amul model 2. Objectives of Study 3. research Methodology 4. Review of Literature 5. Market Analysis 6. Limitations 7. Conclusion 8. Scope Of Improvement 9. Bibliography 1. INTRODUCTION Amul (AMUL means â€Å"priceless† in Sanskrit. The brand name â€Å"Amul,† from the Sanskrit â€Å"Amoolya,† was suggested by a quality control expert in Anand. ), formed in 1946, is a  dairy cooperative  in  India. It is a  brand name managed by an apex cooperative organisation, Gujarat Co-operative Milk Marketing Federation Ltd. (GCMMF), which today is jointly owned by some 2. million milk producers in  Gujarat, India. AMUL is based in  Anand,  Gujarat and has been an example of a co-operative organization's success in the long term. It is one of the best examples of co-operative achievement in the developing economy. â€Å"Anyone who has seen, the dairy cooperatives in the state of Gujarat, especially the high ly successful one known as AMUL, will naturally wonder what combination of influences and incentives is needed to multiply such a model a thousand times over in developing regions everywhere. †Ã‚  The  Amul Pattern  has established itself as a uniquely appropriate model for rural development. Amul has spurred the  White Revolution of India, which has made India the largest producer of milk and milk products in the world. It is also the world's biggest vegetarian cheese brand  . Amul is the largest food brand in India and world's Largest Pouched Milk Brand with an annual turnover of US $1050 million (2006-07). Currently Unions making up GCMMF have 2. 8 million producer members with milk collection average of 10. 16 million litres per day. Besides India, Amul has entered overseas markets such as Mauritius,  UAE,  USA,  Bangladesh,  Australia,  China,  Singapore,  Hong Kong  and a few South  African  countries. Its bid to enter  Japanese  market in 1994 did not succeeded, but now it has fresh plans entering the Japanese markets. Other potential markets being considered include  Sri Lanka. Dr Varghese Kurien, former chairman of the GCMMF, is recognised as a key person behind the success of Amul. On 10 Aug 2006  Parthi Bhatol, chairman of the Banaskantha Union, was elected chairman of GCMMF. 1. 1HISTORY The Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation Ltd, Anand (GCMMF) is the largest food products marketing organisation of India. It is the apex organization of the Dairy Cooperatives of Gujarat. This State has been a pioneer in organizing dairy cooperatives and our success has not only been emulated in India but serves as a model for rest of the World. Over the last five and a half decades, Dairy Cooperatives in Gujarat have created an economic network that links more than 2. 8 million village milk producers with millions of consumers in India and abroad through a cooperative system that includes 13,141 Village Dairy Cooperative Societies (VDCS) at the village level, affiliated to 13 District Cooperative Milk Producers’ Unions at the District level and GCMMF at the State level. These cooperatives collect on an average 7. 5 million litres of milk per day from their producer members, more than 70% of whom are small, marginal farmers and landless labourers and include a sizeable population of tribal folk and people belonging to the scheduled castes. The turnover of GCMMF (AMUL) during 2008-09 was Rs. 67. 11 billion. It markets the products, produced by the district milk unions in 30 dairy plants, under the renowned AMUL brand name. The combined processing capacity of these plants is 11. 6 million litres per day, with four dairy plants having processing capacity in excess of 1 million Litres per day. The farmers of Gujarat own the largest state of the art dairy plant in Asia – Mother Dairy, Gandhinagar, and Gujarat – which can handle 2. 5 million litres of milk per day and process 100 MTs of milk powder daily. During the last year, 3. 1 billion litres of milk was collected by Member Unions of GCMMF. Huge capacities for milk drying, product manufacture and cattle feed manufacture have been installed. All its products are manufactured under the most hygienic conditions. All dairy plants of the unions are ISO 9001-2000, ISO 22000 and HACCP certified. GCMMF (AMUL)’s Total Quality Management ensures the quality of products right from the starting point (milk producer) through the value chain until it reaches the consumer. Ever since the movement was launched fifty-five years ago, Gujarat’s Dairy Cooperatives have brought about a significant social and economic change to our rural people. The Dairy Cooperatives have helped in ending the exploitation of farmers and demonstrated that when our rural producers benefit, the community and nation benefits as well. The Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation Ltd. cannot be viewed simply as a business enterprise. It is an institution created by the milk producers themselves to primarily safeguard their interest economically, socially as well as democratically. Business houses create profit in order to distribute it to the shareholders. In the case of GCMMF the surplus is ploughed back to farmers through the District Unions as well as the village societies. This circulation of capital with value addition within the structure not only benefits the final beneficiary – the farmer – but eventually contributes to the development of the village community. This is the most significant contribution the Amul Model cooperatives have made in building the Nation. . 2the three-tier Amul model The Amul Model is a three-tier cooperative structure. This structure consists of a Dairy Cooperative Society at the village level affiliated to a Milk Union at the District level which in turn is further federated into a Milk Federation at the State level. The above three-tier structure was set-up in ord er to delegate the various functions; milk collection is done at the Village Dairy Society, Milk Procurement & Processing at the District Milk Union and Milk & Milk Products Marketing at the State Milk Federation. This helps in eliminating not only internal competition but also ensuring that economies of scale are achieved. As the above structure was first evolved at Amul in Gujarat and thereafter replicated all over the country under the Operation Flood Programme, it is known as the ‘Amul Model’ or ‘Anand Pattern’ of Dairy Cooperatives. Responsible for Marketing of Milk & Milk Products Responsible for Procurement & Processing of Milk Responsible for Collection of Milk Responsible for Milk Production. Village Dairy Cooperative Society (VDCS) The milk producers of a village, having surplus milk after own consumption, come together and form a Village Dairy Cooperative Society (VDCS). The Village Dairy Cooperative is the primary society under the three-tier structure. It has membership of milk producers of the village and is governed by an elected Management Committee consisting of 9 to 12 elected representatives of the milk producers based on the principle of one member, one vote. The village society further appoints a Secretary (a paid employee and member secretary of the Management Committee) for management of the day-to-day functions. It also employs various people for assisting the Secretary in accomplishing his / her daily duties. The main functions of the VDCS are as follows: ? Collection of surplus milk from the milk producers of the village & payment based on quality & quantity ? Providing support services to the members like Veterinary First Aid, Artificial Insemination services, cattle-feed sales, mineral mixture sales, fodder & fodder seed sales, conducting training on Animal Husbandry & Dairying, etc. ? Selling liquid milk for local consumers of the village ? Supplying milk to the District Milk Union Thus, the VDCS in an independent entity managed locally by the milk producers and assisted by the District Milk Union. District Cooperative Milk Producers’ Union (Milk Union) The Village Societies of a District (ranging from 75 to 1653 per Milk Union in Gujarat) having surplus milk after local sales come together and form a District Milk Union. The Milk Union is the second tier under the three-tier structure. It has membership of Village Dairy Societies of the District and is governed by a Board of Directors consisting of 9 to 18 elected representatives of the Village Societies. The Milk Union further appoints a professional Managing Director (paid employee and member secretary of the Board) for management of the day-to-day functions. It also employs various people for assisting the Managing Director in accomplishing his / her daily duties. The main functions of the Milk Union are as follows: ? Procurement of milk from the Village Dairy Societies of the District. ? Arranging transportation of raw milk from the VDCS to the Milk Union. ? Providing input services to the producers like Veterinary Care, Artificial Insemination services, cattle-feed sales, mineral mixture sales, fodder & fodder seed sales, etc. Conducting training on Cooperative Development, Animal Husbandry & Dairying for milk producers and conducting specialised skill development & Leadership Development training for VDCS staff & Management Committee members. ? Providing management support to the VDCS along with regular supervision of its activities. ? Establish Chilling Centres & Dairy Plants f or processing the milk received from the villages. ? Selling liquid milk & milk products within the District. ? Process milk into various milk & milk products as per the requirement of State Marketing Federation. ? Decide on he prices of milk to be paid to milk producers as well on the prices of support services provided to members. State Cooperative Milk Federation (Federation) The Milk Unions of a State are federated into a State Cooperative Milk Federation. The Federation is the apex tier under the three-tier structure. It has membership of all the cooperative Milk Unions of the State and is governed by a Board of Directors consisting of one elected representative of each Milk Union. The State Federation further appoints a Managing Director (paid employee and member secretary of the Board) for management of the day-to-day functions. It also employs various people for assisting the Managing Director in accomplishing his daily duties. The main functions of the Federation are as follows: 1. Marketing of milk & milk products processed / manufactured by Milk Unions. 2. Establish distribution network for marketing of milk & milk products. 3. Arranging transportation of milk & milk products from the Milk Unions to the market. 4. Creating & maintaining a brand for marketing of milk & milk products (brand building). 5. Providing support services to the Milk Unions & members like Technical Inputs, management support & advisory services. . Pooling surplus milk from the Milk Unions and supplying it to deficit Milk Unions. 7. Establish feeder-balancing Dairy Plants for processing the surplus milk of the Milk Unions. mmon purchase of raw materials used in manufacture / packaging of milk products. The dairy industry in India and particularly in the State of Gujarat looks very different. India for one has emerged as the largest milk producing country in the World. Gujarat has emerged as the most successful State in terms of milk and milk product production through its cooperative dairy movement. The Kaira District Cooperative Milk Producers’ Union Limited, Anand has become the focal point of dairy development in the entire region and AMUL has emerged as one of the most recognized brands in India, ahead of many international brands. Today, we have around 176 cooperative dairy Unions formed by 1,25,000 dairy cooperative societies having a total membership of around 13 million farmers on the same pattern, who are processing and marketing milk and milk products profitably, be it Amul in Gujarat or Verka in Punjab, Vijaya in Andhra Pradesh or a Nandini in Karnataka. This entire process has created more than 190 dairy processing plants spread all over India with large investments by these farmers’ institutions. These cooperatives today collect approximately 23 million kgs. of milk per day and pay an aggregate amount of more than Rs. 125 billion to the milk producers in a year. 2. OBJECTIVES OF STUDY 1. To ascertain the effectiveness of advertisements towards the sales of Amul chocolate. 2. To know the range of products, offered by the company. 3. To know the relationship of sales with the advertisement. 4. To know awareness of people towards Amul chocolates. 5. To know which advertisement tool is mostly preferred by people. 6. To know the preference of Amul chocolates with comparison to other competitive brands. 7. To know the factors which affects consumer’s buying behaviour to purchase chocolates. 8. To know the market position of AMUL as a brand. Plants First plant is at ANAND, which is engaged in the manufacturing of milk, butter, ghee, milk powder, flavoured milk and buttermilk. [pic] Second plant is at MOGAR, which engaged in manufacturing chocolate, Nutramul, Amul Ganthia and Amul lite. [pic] Third plant is at Kanjari, which produces cattelfeed. pic] Fourth plant is at Khatraj, which engaged in producing cheese. [pic] Today, twelve dairies are producing different products under the brand name Amul. Today Amul dairy is no. 1 dairy in Asia and no. 2 in the world, which is matter of proud for Gujarat and whole India. 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY There are two sources used for methodology: 1. Primary sources 2. Secondary sources Primar y sources:  A primary source is the most direct place you can find the information you want to write about. For example, Census. gov would be an article detailing the number would not be considered primary. Some other examples of primary sources are peer reviewed research publications, journals, diaries, legal documents, government records, original maps, photographs, original manuscripts, institutional records, or national archives. Secondary sources:  secondary source of information is one that was created  later  by someone . Examples of secondary sources include literary criticism, biographies, encyclopaedia articles, and journal articles critiquing the work of others. There are of two types: 1. Internal sources: publish broachers, official reports etc. 2. External sources: periodicals, journals, newspapers, internet. RESEARCH PROBLEM  ¬ Increase the awareness level of AMUL CHOCOLATE.  ¬ Seek the general perception of consumer towards AMUL CHOCOLATE.  ¬ To find the performance of AMUL CHOCOLATE vis-a-vis other brands.  ¬ To know the consumer psyche and their behaviour towards AMUL CHOCOLATE. Information requirement  · First, I had to know about all the competitors present in the chocolate segment (Reputed and well established brands as well as Local brands).  · Before going for the survey I had to know the comparative prices of all the competitors existing in the market. Since chocolate is a product that attracts children and youngsters hence I had to trace the market and segment it, which mainly deals with people of various age groups.  · As chocolate is different product, the main information needed is the various types of chocolates available in the market, their calorific value and various other facts.  · As Amul ch ocolate advertisements are mainly done through hoardings but on television the advertisement is being telecasted timely and on the proper time or not. AMUL CHOCOLATE is made from Sugar, Cocoa Butter, Milk Solids, Chocolate mass. Composition:  · Milk Fat 2%  · Sugar 55%  · Total Fat 32. 33% (Milk Fat + Cocoa Fat)  · Cocoa Solids 7. 5%  · Milk Solids 20% RESEARCH INSTRUMENT USED – DETAILS If one wants to know what type of dentifrice people use, what they think of, television commercials, or why they buy particular brands of cars, the natural procedure is to ask them. Thus, the questionnaire method has come to be the more widely used of the two data collection method. A questionnaire consists of list of questions to be asked from the respondents and the space provided to record the answer / responses. Questionnaire can be used for the personal interviews, focus groups, mails and telephonic interviews. The choice among these alternatives is largely determined by the type of information to be obtained and by the type of respondents from whom it is to be obtained. The common factor in all varieties of the questionnaire method is this reliance on verbal responses to question, written or oral. Questionnaire in the project consists of: ? Multiple choice questions ? Dicthomus MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS: Questions of this type offer the respondents an alternative to choose the right answer among others. It is faster, time saving and less biased. It also simplifies the tabulating process. OPEN END QUESTIONS: In this type respondents are free to answer in their own words and express the ideas they think are relevant, such questions are good as first questions or opening questions. They introduce the subject and obtain general reaction. DICTHOMUS: These are the questions which are Boolean in nature. These answers are straightforward and respondents have to answer them in a straight way. That means the answer can only be either ‘Yes† or ‘No’. SAMPLING TECHNIQUE USED & SAMPLE SIZE 1. Sampling Technique: Non probability sampling 2. Sample Unit: People who buy chocolates available in retail outlets, superstores, etc 3. Sample size: 100 respondents (Age ranging between 15 yrs to 65 yrs) 4. Method: Direct interview through questionnaire. 5. Data analysis method: Graphical method. 6. Area of survey: Delhi 7. Timing of survey: 9. 00 am to 12. 30 pm and 5. 00 pm to8. 00 pm. The software used for compiling of records and analysing the data is: Microsoft Excel and microsoft Word. 5. MARKET ANALYSIS PRIMARY TABULATION & INTERPRETATION [1] What kind of Chocolate do you eat? Branded 92 % Non-branded 08% [pic] INFERENCE 92% respondents in the region of Delhi consume Branded Chocolates, while 8% still consume non branded. [2] Who uses chocolates in your family? Children 34 % Teenager 33 % Young 26 % Old 07 % [pic] INFERENCE Mostly children & teenagers like chocolates in families. So we should lay stress on children & teenager segment to increase market share. Young people also use chocolates for giving as a gift. [3] What form of Chocolate do you like? Cookies 14% Bar 60% Wafer 20% Other 06% [pic] INFERENCE The above diagram suggests that the most preferred form is bar i. . 60%, followed by wafer i. e. 20%, Cookies are all time favourites with 14% while other forms are preferred to the extent of 6%. [4] Do you buy chocolates watching advertisements? YES 88% NO 12% [pic] INFERENCE The above diagram shows that 88% of the people are influenced by advertisements for purchase of chocolates, whereas 12% are not. [5] Which Television channel you like to watch mos t? STAR 50 ZEE 15 SONY 10 CARTOON 20 Others 5 [pic] INFERENCE Mostly people like STAR channel. This channel is very popular among all the age group people. SONY & CARTOON channels are also popular but not as STAR. In other channels sports and news channels are preferred. CARTOON channel is specially preferred by children. So it will be more beneficial to give advertisements on STAR & CARTOON channels, it covers all the age groups. [6] In between what time you like to watch television? Timings _____________ 5 to 8 pm 33 % 8 to 11 pm 37 % Late Night 10 % Morning 15 % Afternoon 05 % [pic] INFERENCE From the survey it was found that 37% of the respondents like to watch T. V. after 8 pm to 11 pm. Because Mostly people belong to service class & females in the families got their work by this time. At 5 to 8 pm 33% respondents in which especially children watch cartoon channel & etc. so it is good to advertise on preferred channels on these timings. [7] By which media you prefer to watch advertisements? Television 67 % Hoardings 17 % Newspapers 08 % Magazines 05 % Others (Mention) 03% [pic] INFERENCE Mostly people like to watch an advertisement through Television because most of them belong to service class. Children are getting attracted through advertisement on television and hoardings. Company tries to give attractive advertisement through T. V. and hoardings because advertisement through hoardings is less costly. 8] What factors effects you in a chocolate advertisement? Brand ambassador 20 Jingles 35 Comedy15 Music 10 Emotions 15 Others (Mention) 05 [pic] INFERENCE Jingles leave a long lasting impression; people were able to recall a lot of jingles associated with chocolates. Also, the brand ambassador and the comedy in the advertisement can be effective to create an impres sion in people’s mind. [9] Have you ever tasted Amul Chocolate? Yes 90 % No 10 % [pic] INFERENCE The chart shows that 90% respondents have tasted Amul Chocolate, while still 10% have not tried Amul Chocolates. Amul must use proper techniques in order to cater the needs of every common man. [10] Can you recall AMUL Chocolate advertisement? Yes 32 % No 68% [pic] INFERENCE Here it was observed that only 32% respondents in the city of Delhi were able to recall Amul Chocolate advertisement. This shows how much Amul lags behind in promotional activities and advertisement. Therefore Amul must use strong promotional activities and advertisement in order to retain their potential Consumers. [11] Which Chocolate do you like most? Nestle 28% Cadbury 58% Amul 13% Any other 01% [pic] INFERENCE We can clearly gauge from the pie chart that Cadbury being on the top slot with 58% market share dominates the chocolate market, followed by Nestle with 28% share, whereas Amul have only 13% market share and thus lags behind. [12] What is the frequency of purchasing Chocolate? Daily 17 % Weekly 22 % Fortnightly 13 % Occasionally 48 % [pic] INFERENCE The frequency of chocolate differ a lot where 17% respondents buy it daily, 22% weekly, 13% fortnightly, and there is a huge chunk of people who buy chocolate occasionally. [13] How do you scale your chocolate? [pic] INFERENCE The above diagram can be inferred as follows: CADBURY: people are highly satisfied with the taste of the Cadbury chocolate and its availability is also very good as compared to any other brand. However the price of Cadbury is not very satisfactory. NESTLE: the Nestle chocolates are not easily available however people seem to be quite satisfied with its taste. AMUL: people seem to be satisfied with the prices but, the chocolates lacks in easy availability and taste. OTHERS: these comprise of the non branded chocolates or smaller brands, people are satisfied with its price but not with the taste and availability. MY FINDINGS: ? Lack of awareness in consumers, many people does not know about Amul chocolates including children and teenagers. ? During the survey it was found that still there are 10% people who have not tasted Amul Chocolate. ? When I interviewed people then many among them could not recall Amul chocolate advertisement. It shows Lack of promotion or advertisement is not timely given or advertisement is not given on right time. ? Amul is not using any brand ambassador in its advertisement which attracts people of all age group, specifically teenagers. There is lack of sales promotional activities , for example : free tattoo, Extra weight, toys, quiz contest etc.. ? As I found that the main product of Amul is Milk and company firstly wants to capture maximum market share in milk market which is approx. 66%, after that Amul is concentrating upon butter & cheese which has market share of approx. 88%, so it is not concentrating upon chocolates. ? Cadbury is main competitor and strateg ically better performer then Amul. ? I found that â€Å"Amul† brand name has very good image in consumer’s mind and they consider it as pure & good product. People who have tasted Amul Chocolate are not ready to purchase the same again. 6. LIMITATIONS 1. Non-cooperative approach and rude behaviour of the respondents. 2. When I interviewed children and teenagers, sometimes they use to give answers under the influence of their parents or elders. 3. People were not willing to answer and give their time to fill the questionnaire because of the summer season. 4. If the respondents answer does not falls between amongst the options given then it will turn up to be a biased answer. 5. The respondents had to be made understand the questions because the questionnaire was in English and not all respondents could understand it well. 7. CONCLUSION As we know that Amul is a very big organization and market leader in dairy products. It has maximum market share in Milk, Butter and Cheese, which are its main/core products. As we know Amul is a co-operative organisation but chocolate industry is a profitable industry which can’t be ignored. With the help of research, company can find out its week points in chocolate product and can increase its market share through rectify mistakes. People have believed in Amul’s product and they will accept its chocolates also if effective actions are taken. The survey resulted into following conclusions: ? Amul must come up with new promotional activities such that people become aware about Amul Chocolates like Chocozoo, Bindaaz, and Fundoo. ? Quality is the dominating aspect which influences consumer to purchase Amul product, but prompt availability of other chocolate brands and aggressive promotional activities by others influences the consumer towards them and also leads to increase sales. In comparison to Amul Chocolate, the other players such as Cadbury, Nestle, and Perfetti provide a better availability and give competition to the hilt. ? People are mostly satisfied with the overall quality of Amul Chocolate, but for the existence in the local market Amul must use aggressive selling techniques. 8. SCOPE OF IMPROVEMENT In order to maintain and increase the sales in the city of Delhi, the following recommendations r egarding Amul Chocolates; particularly regarding advertisement, distribution, promotional policies, etc, are hereby suggested: ? First and foremost Amul should take proper action in order to improve its service, because although being on a top slot in butter and milk supplies it does not get the sales in chocolate, which it should get. ? Company should use brand ambassador which attracts each age segment i. e. Sania Mirza, Shaktimaan, Amitabh Bacchan, Superman, Krrish, Jadoo etc. ? Try and change the perception of the people through word of mouth about Amul in advertisements, because they are the best source to reach Children and families. ? Though Amul chocolate advertisements are rarely shown on television yet many people could recall it as per the data of research. It shows that there is only need to give advertisement only to rememorize customers. Because Amul is a very strong brand name. ? Company should launch chocolate in new attractive packing to change image of Amul chocolate in consumers mind. ? Company should introduce sales promotion schemes like free weight, pranky, tattoo, contest, free gifts etc. ? Advertisement can be done with the help of animations that attracts children and teenagers because chocolates are consumed largely in this segment. ? Company should launch chocolates in new flavours like – Mix Fruit Pineapple Elaichi Coffee Strawberry Banana